1、重建索引
一个field的设置是不能被修改的,如果要修改一个Field,那么应该重新按照新的mapping,建立一个index,然后将数据批量查询出来,重新用bulk api写入index中
批量查询的时候,建议采用scroll api,并且采用多线程并发的方式来reindex数据,每次scoll就查询指定日期的一段数据,交给一个线程即可
(1)一开始,依靠dynamic mapping,插入数据,但是不小心有些数据是2017-01-01这种日期格式的,所以title这种field被自动映射为了date类型,实际上它应该是string类型的
PUT /my_index/my_type/3
{
"title": "2017-01-03"
}
{
"my_index": {
"mappings": {
"my_type": {
"properties": {
"title": {
"type": "date"
}
}
}
}
}
}
(2)当后期向索引中加入string类型的title值的时候,就会报错
PUT /my_index/my_type/4
{
"title": "my first article"
}
{
"error": {
"root_cause": [
{
"type": "mapper_parsing_exception",
"reason": "failed to parse [title]"
}
],
"type": "mapper_parsing_exception",
"reason": "failed to parse [title]",
"caused_by": {
"type": "illegal_argument_exception",
"reason": "Invalid format: \"my first article\""
}
},
"status": 400
}
(3)如果此时想修改title的类型,是不可能的
PUT /my_index/_mapping/my_type
{
"properties": {
"title": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
{
"error": {
"root_cause": [
{
"type": "illegal_argument_exception",
"reason": "mapper [title] of different type, current_type [date], merged_type [text]"
}
],
"type": "illegal_argument_exception",
"reason": "mapper [title] of different type, current_type [date], merged_type [text]"
},
"status": 400
}
(4)此时,唯一的办法,就是进行reindex,也就是说,重新建立一个索引,将旧索引的数据查询出来,再导入新索引
(5)如果说旧索引的名字,是old_index,新索引的名字是new_index,终端java应用,已经在使用old_index在操作了,难道还要去停止java应用,修改使用的index为new_index,才重新启动java应用吗?这个过程中,就会导致java应用停机,可用性降低
(6)所以说,给java应用一个别名,这个别名是指向旧索引的,java应用先用着,java应用先用goods_index alias来操作,此时实际指向的是旧的my_index
PUT /my_index/_alias/goods_index
(7)新建一个index,调整其title的类型为string
PUT /my_index_new
{
"mappings": {
"my_type": {
"properties": {
"title": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
}
}
(8)使用scroll api将数据批量查询出来
GET /my_index/_search?scroll=1m
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"sort": ["_doc"],
"size": 1
}
{
"_scroll_id": "DnF1ZXJ5VGhlbkZldGNoBQAAAAAAADpAFjRvbnNUWVZaVGpHdklqOV9zcFd6MncAAAAAAAA6QRY0b25zVFlWWlRqR3ZJajlfc3BXejJ3AAAAAAAAOkIWNG9uc1RZVlpUakd2SWo5X3NwV3oydwAAAAAAADpDFjRvbnNUWVZaVGpHdklqOV9zcFd6MncAAAAAAAA6RBY0b25zVFlWWlRqR3ZJajlfc3BXejJ3",
"took": 1,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": null,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "my_index",
"_type": "my_type",
"_id": "2",
"_score": null,
"_source": {
"title": "2017-01-02"
},
"sort": [
0
]
}
]
}
}
(9)采用bulk api将scoll查出来的一批数据,批量写入新索引
POST /_bulk
{ "index": { "_index": "my_index_new", "_type": "my_type", "_id": "2" }}
{ "title": "2017-01-02" }
(10)反复循环8~9,查询一批又一批的数据出来,采取bulk api将每一批数据批量写入新索引
(11)将goods_index alias切换到my_index_new上去,java应用会直接通过index别名使用新的索引中的数据,java应用程序不需要停机,零提交,高可用
POST /_aliases
{
"actions": [
{ "remove": { "index": "my_index", "alias": "goods_index" }},
{ "add": { "index": "my_index_new", "alias": "goods_index" }}
]
}
(12)直接通过goods_index别名来查询,是否ok
GET /goods_index/my_type/_search
2、基于alias对client透明切换index
PUT /my_index_v1/_alias/my_index
client对my_index进行操作
reindex操作,完成之后,切换v1到v2
POST /_aliases
{
"actions": [
{ "remove": { "index": "my_index_v1", "alias": "my_index" }},
{ "add": { "index": "my_index_v2", "alias": "my_index" }}
]
}