Python程序设计（第三版）约翰·策勒 编程练习课后答案（第五章）

5.2 某个CS教授给出了五分测验，等级为5-A, 4-B, 3-C, 2-D, 1-E, 0-F编写一个程序，接受测验分数作为输入，并打印出相应的等级。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#gradeconvert.py

def gradeconvert():
    gradeLevel = "FEDCBA"
    #获取分数
    grade = float(input("Enter the grade: "))
    print("The converted grade level is: ", gradeLevel[grade])

gradeconvert()

5.3. 某个CS教授给出了100分的考试，等级为90-100： A、80-89： B、70-79： C、60-69： D、<60：F。编写一个程序，接受测验分数作为输入，并打印出相应的等级。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#gradeconvert2.py

def gradeconvert2():
    gradeLevel = "FDCBA"
    #获取分数
    grade = float(input("Enter the grade: "))
    gradeLev = int(grade/10 - 5)
    if gradeLev < 0:
        print("The converted grade level is: F")
    elif gradeLev == len(gradeLevel):
        print("The converted grade level is: A")
    else:
        print("The converted grade level is: ", gradeLevel[gradeLev])
gradeconvert2()

5.4. 编写一个程序，允许用户键入一个短语，然后输出该短语的首字母缩略词（大写）。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#capInitials.py

def capInitials():
    words = input("Please enter a phrase: ").split() #使用split将输入字符串转换为列表
    init = ""     #声明变量，赋值为空
    for i in range(len(words)):
        init = init + words[i][0]
    init = init.upper() #字符串方法s.upper()，字符串s所有字母大写
    print(init)
        
capInitials()

5.5. 编写程序，计算输入单个名字的数值。a为1，b为2，c为3......

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#nameValue.py

def nameValue():
    alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
    nameStr = input("Please enter a your name: ") #使用split将输入字符串转换为列表
    nameStr = nameStr.upper()
    nValue = 0
    for letter in nameStr:
        nValue = nValue + alphabet.find(letter) + 1
    print("Your name vlaue is: ", nValue)
        
nameValue()

5.6. 扩展前一个问题的解决方案，允许计算完整的名字。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#nameValue1.py

def nameValue1():
    alphabet = " ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"      #空格数值为0
    nameStr = input("Please enter a your name: ") #使用split将输入字符串转换为列表
    nameStr = nameStr.upper()
    nValue = 0
    for letter in nameStr:
        nValue = nValue + alphabet.find(letter)
    print("Your name vlaue is: ", nValue)
        
nameValue1()

5.7. 编写一个可以编码和解码凯撒密码的程序，键值为2。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#caesarCipher0.py

def caesarCipher0():
    alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
    message = input("Enter the message that needs to be translated: ")    
    message = message.upper()
    mode = input("Encode or decode: ")
    transMsg = ""
    key = 2
    if mode == "encode" :
        for letter in message:
            if letter == " ":
                transMsg = transMsg + " "   
            else:
                loc = alphabet.find(letter) + key
                if loc > 25:                #循环移位
                    loc = loc - 26
                transMsg = transMsg + alphabet[loc]
        print("The encoded message is: ", transMsg)
    elif mode == "decode":
        for letter in message:
            if letter == " ":
                transMsg = transMsg + " "
            else:
                loc = alphabet.find(letter) - key
                if loc < 0:             #循环移位
                    loc = loc + 26
                transMsg = transMsg + alphabet[loc]
        print("The decoded message is: ", transMsg)
            
caesarCipher0()

5.8. 上一个练习有一个问题，它不处理超出字母表末端的情况。真正的凯撒密码以循环方式移动，其中z之后的下一个字母是a。修改上一个问题的解决方案，让它循环。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#caesarCipher.py

def caesarCipher():
    alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
    message = input("Enter the message that needs to be translated: ")    
    message = message.upper()
    mode = input("Encode or decode: ")
    transMsg = ""
    if mode == "encode" :
        key = int(input("The key value is: "))
        for letter in message:
            if letter == " ":
                transMsg = transMsg + " "   
            else:
                loc = alphabet.find(letter) + key
                if loc > 25:                #循环移位
                    loc = loc - 26
                transMsg = transMsg + alphabet[loc]
        print("The encoded message is: ", transMsg)
    elif mode == "decode":
        print("The decoded messages are: ")
        for key in range(26):
            transMsg = ""
            for letter in message:
                if letter == " ":
                    transMsg = transMsg + " "
                else:
                    loc = alphabet.find(letter) - key
                    if loc < 0:             #循环移位
                        loc = loc + 26
                    transMsg = transMsg + alphabet[loc]
            print("Key value = ", key, transMsg)
            
caesarCipher()

5.9. 编写一个程序，计算用户输入句子中的单词数。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#wordCal().py

def wordCal():
    inputArr = input("Enter a sentence: ").split()
    print("This sentence cotains ", len(inputArr), "words")
    
wordCal()

5.10. 编写一个程序，计算用户输入句子中的平均单词长度。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#wordAve.py

def wordAve():
    inputStr = input("Enter a sentence: ")
    inputArr = inputStr.split()    #将输入字符串以空格为分界，分隔为字符串列表
    numLetter = len(inputStr) - inputStr.count(" ")
    numWord = len(inputArr)
    print("The average lenth of the words in this sentence is: {0:0.2f}".format(numLetter/numWord))
    
wordAve()

5.11. 编写第1章中的chaos.py程序的改进版本，允许用户输入两个初始值和迭代次数，然后打印一个格式很好的表格，显示这些值随时间变化的情况。

# File:chaos.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 1.5、修改chaos程序，让打印值的数量由用户决定。

# File:chaos.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 5.11、修改chaos程序，让打印值的数量由用户决定。

def main():                                               
    print("This program illustrates a chaotic function.")  
    randNum = input("Enter two numbers between 0 and 1, separated by comma: ").split(",")
    randNum = [float(x) for x in randNum ]                 #列表中字符串元素转为浮点型数字
    n = eval(input("Enter the times of cycle: "))          #获取循环次数n 
    print("index\t{0}\t\t{1}".format(randNum[0], randNum[1]))
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(2):
           randNum[j] = 3.9 * randNum[j] * (1 - randNum[j]) 
        print("{0}\t{1:0.8f}\t{2:0.8f}".format(i, randNum[0], randNum[1]))

main()          

5.12. 编写第2章中的futval.py程序的改进版本。程序将提示用户投资金额、年化利率和投资年数。然后程序将输出一个格式正确的表，以年为单位跟踪投资的价值。

# File:2.6.py
# futval
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
def main():
    print("This program calculates the future value of a n-year investment.")
 
    principal = eval(input("Enter the initial principal: "))
    apr = eval(input("Enter the annual interest rate: "))
    year = eval(input("Enter the year of investment: ")) #输入投资年数
    print("The value in each year is:\nYear\tValue")
    print("--------------------------------")
    
    for i in range(year):                                #循环次数与年数一致
        principal = principal * (1 + apr)
        print("{0}\t{1:.2f}".format(i + 1, principal))   #输出的年数与输入一致
 
main()