Python程序设计（第三版）约翰·策勒 编程练习课后答案（第四章）

4.1、修改上一个讨论问题的程序，做到：

a.使它回执正方形而不是圆。

b.每次连续点击在屏幕上绘制一个额外的方块。

c.循环之后在窗口打印消息“click again to quit”，等待最后一次点击，然后关闭窗口。

# File 4.1.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from graphics import *
def main():
    win = GraphWin()                                  #默认像素200*200的窗口
    shape = Rectangle(Point(0,0), Point(30,30))       #创建一个边长为30的矩形对象
    shape.setOutline("red")                           #将矩形填充为红色
    shape.setFill("red")
    shape.draw(win)                                   #在窗口中绘制矩形

    for i in range(10):
        #获取鼠标点击，将矩形复制至点击处，循环10次后关闭窗口
        p = win.getMouse()
        c = shape.getCenter()
        dx = p.getX() - c.getX()
        dy = p.getY() - c.getY()
        shapeC = shape.clone()             #使用clone方法复制矩形对象
        shapeC.move(dx, dy)                #将创建的副本移动到点击处
        shapeC.draw(win)                   #绘制副本

    Text(Point(100, 30), 'click to quit').draw(win)
    if win.getMouse():
        win.close()

main()

运行结果：

4.2、箭靶的中心为黄色，围绕着红色、蓝色、黑色和白色的同心环。每个环有相同的宽度，与黄色圆环半径相同。编写绘制箭靶的程序。

# Flie 4.2.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from graphics import *

def drawTarget(r):                              #r为黄色圆的半径
    win = GraphWin("Target", 12*r, 12*r)
    p = Point(6*r, 6*r)                         #窗口中心为靶心
    color = ["yellow","red", "blue", "black", "white"]
    for i in range(5, 0, -1):
        #将range步长设置为-1，可以倒序取值，注意range函数左闭右开
        c = Circle(p, i*r)
        c.setFill(color[i-1])
        c.setOutline("black")
        c.draw(win)

drawTarget(30)  

4.3、编写一个绘制某种面孔的程序。

# File 4.3.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from graphics import *

def main():
    win = GraphWin()
    #画脸
    face = Circle(Point(100, 100), 80)
    face.setFill(color_rgb(255, 230, 0))        #setFill可使用RGB颜色
    face.setWidth(3)
    face.setOutline(color_rgb(238, 180, 34))
    face.draw(win)
    #画嘴
    mouth = Oval(Point(60, 70), Point(140, 150))
    mouth.setOutline(color_rgb(238, 180, 34))
    mouth.setFill(color_rgb(255, 230, 0))
    mouth.setWidth(4)
    mouth1 = mouth.clone()
    mouth1.move(0, -4)
    mouth1.setOutline(color_rgb(255, 230, 0))
    mouth.draw(win)
    mouth1.draw(win)
    #画眼睛
    leftEye = Oval(Point(55, 55), Point(85, 95))
    leftEye.setOutline(color_rgb(238, 180, 34))
    leftEye.setFill(color_rgb(255, 250, 240))
    leftEye.setWidth(2)
    rightEye = leftEye.clone()
    rightEye.move(60, 0)
    leftEye.draw(win)
    rightEye.draw(win)
    #画眼球
    leftEyeball = Circle(Point(70, 84), 10)
    leftEyeball.setFill("black")
    rightEyeball = leftEyeball.clone()
    rightEyeball.move(60, 0)
    leftEyeball.draw(win)
    rightEyeball.draw(win)
    
main()

不知道怎么用graphics库画弧线，用了一个笨办法，不过效果还可以

4.4、编写一个用圣诞树和雪人绘制冬季场景的程序。

# File: 4.4.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from graphics import *
def drawOval(p1, p2, win):
    o = Oval(p1, p2)
    o.setFill("white")
    o.setOutline("black")
    o.setWidth(2)
    o.draw(win)

def drawTri(p1, p2, p3, color, win):
    tri = Polygon(p1,  p2, p3)
    tri.setFill(color)
    tri.setOutline("black")
    tri.draw(win)

def drawRec(p1, p2, win):
    rec = Rectangle(p1, p2)
    rec.setFill(color_rgb(139, 105, 20))
    rec.setOutline("black")
    rec.draw(win)
    
def main():
    w = GraphWin("winter", 300, 250)
    #画雪人
    drawOval(Point(20, 145), Point(80, 205), w)
    drawOval(Point(30, 110), Point(70, 150), w)
    drawTri(Point(50, 90), Point(40, 115), Point(60, 115), "red", w)
    eye1 = Point(40, 130)
    eye2 = Point(60, 130)
    eye1.draw(w)
    eye2.draw(w)
    #画树
    drawRec(Point(150, 150), Point(170, 190), w)
    drawTri(Point(160, 100), Point(120, 150), Point(200, 150), "green", w)
    drawTri(Point(160, 70), Point(120, 120), Point(200, 120), "green", w)
    drawTri(Point(160, 40), Point(120, 90), Point(200, 90), "green", w)
    
main()

为什么要考验我的绘画能力，崩溃