初学数据结构(哈夫曼树的构造以及哈夫曼编码)
《数据结构教程》P243 exp7-5
//
// Created by Snow on 2023/4/6.
//
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#define N 20
#define M (2*N-1)
typedef struct
{
char data[5];
double weight;
int parent;
int lchild;
int rchild;
}HTNode;
typedef struct
{
char cd[N];
int start;
}HCode;
void CreateHT(HTNode ht[],int n0)
{
int i,k,lnode,rnode;
double min1,min2;
for(i=0;i<2*n0-1;i++)
ht[i].parent=ht[i].lchild=ht[i].rchild=-1;
for(i=n0;i<2*n0-2;i++)
{
min1=min2=32767;
lnode=rnode=-1;
for(k=0;k<=i-1;k++)
{
if(ht[k].parent==-1)
{
if(ht[k].weight<min1)
{
min2=min1;
rnode=lnode;
min1=ht[k].weight;
lnode=k;
}
else if(ht[k].weight<min2)
{
min2=ht[k].weight;
rnode=k;
}
}
}
ht[i].weight=ht[lnode].weight+ht[rnode].weight;
ht[i].lchild=lnode;
ht[i].rchild=rnode;
ht[lnode].parent=i;
ht[rnode].parent=i;
}
}
void CreateHCode(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n0)
{
int i,f,c;
HCode hc;
for(i=0;i<n0;i++)
{
hc.start=n0;
c=i;
f=ht[i].parent;
while(f!=-1)
{
if(ht[f].lchild==c)
hc.cd[hc.start--]='0';
else
hc.cd[hc.start--]='1';
c=f;
f=ht[f].parent;
}
hc.start++;
hcd[i]=hc;
}
}
void DispHCode(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n0)
{
int i,k;
double sum=0,m=0;
int j;
printf("输出哈夫曼编码:\n");
for(i=0;i<n0;i++)
{
j=0;
printf("%s:\t",ht[i].data);
for(k=hcd[i].start;k<=n0;k++)
{
printf("%c",hcd[i].cd[k]);
j++;
}
m+=ht[i].weight;
sum+=ht[i].weight*j;
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n 平均长度=%g\n",1.0*sum/m);
}
int main()
{
int n=15,i;
char str[][5]={"The","of","a","to","and","in","that","he","is","at","on","for","His","are","be"};
double fnum[]={1192,677,541,518,462,450,242,195,190,181,174,157,138,124,123};
HTNode ht[M];
HCode hcd[N];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
strcpy(ht[i].data,str[i]);
ht[i].weight=fnum[i];
}
printf("\n");
CreateHT(ht,n);
CreateHCode(ht,hcd,n);
DispHCode(ht,hcd,n);
return 0;
}
PS: %g用来输出实数,它根据数值的大小,自动选f格式或e格式(选择输出时占宽度较小的一种),且不输出无意义的0。即%g是根据结果自动选择科学记数法还是一般的小数记数法.