synchronized关键字有两种用法,放在函数头或者放在函数体中。用起来,完全可以认为:synchronized(obj)
和一个对obj的对象锁是一样的。
- 函数头和synchronized(this)是一样的。(存疑,但是实验证实是这样的)
- 对某个对象synchronized。
sync有作用域的概念,放在函数头意味着作用全函数体;
在函数体外的代码运行无加锁限制;
阻塞的情况:
- 最基本的,对相同一段代码,多个线程访问,后来的都会被阻塞掉,直到一个运行完;
- 即使两段代码,对一个对象加锁(非this),本身两段代码都没有用到这个对象,但是仍然会互斥阻塞。所以互不互斥不在于用到没有,而在于加sync没有。加了sync,就表明了作用域,两段代码要对同一个object加sync,彼此之间会互斥。
不阻塞的情况
1.同一个类中,一个加锁一个函数不加锁,则访问加锁函数时不会阻塞另一个的访问,换言之两个部分都不是原子性的;
2.对应于阻塞2,对于两个不同的对象各自加锁,彼此之间没有关系,没有原子性。即使一个是this,另一个是this中的一个变量lock(包含关系),也不会互相阻塞;
3.只要没有加锁,那么就可以插入访问。如read函数对mylock对象加锁,但是writeCheck函数没有,那么writeCheck随时都可以拿到mylock对象进行访问。换言之,加锁保证同步性是一种君子协定,如果我不声明sync就直接用,已经加锁的另一边一点办法都没有;
总结:
- synchronized关键字就是一种普通锁,只不过简化了,你不用显式的为一个对象分配一个锁,而且全局都可以用,只要有这个对象对这个对象加锁是为了阻塞别的要对它加锁的代码,lock干不了。
- lock的好处在于,有些情况下要加所得是一个过程,而不是一个对象,那么就搞一个对象出来,这个对象就是锁。拿一个锁来lock,unlock其实就和new Object(),然后sync是一样的。(仅猜测)。
- 当然,这个锁是普通锁,不是读写锁。
也许有更深入的东西,需要学习Thinking in Java
测试代码如下:
package com.corp.tsfile.timeseries;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
public class SyncronizedEnumTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建并发访问的账户
MyCount myCount = new MyCount("95599200901215522", 10000);
// 创建一个锁对象
ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(false);
// 创建一个线程池
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
// 创建一些并发访问用户,一个信用卡,存的存,取的取,好热闹啊
int count = 20;
User[] users = new User[count];
Random r = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
// users[i] = new User("张三" + i, myCount, r.nextInt(200) - 400, lock, r.nextBoolean());
users[i] = new User("张三" + i, myCount, r.nextInt(200) - 400, lock, true);
}
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
pool.execute(users[i]);
}
}
public static class User implements Runnable {
private String name; // 用户名
private MyCount myCount; // 所要操作的账户
private int iocash; // 操作的金额,当然有正负之分了
private ReadWriteLock myLock; // 执行操作所需的锁对象
private boolean ischeck; // 是否查询
User(String name, MyCount myCount, int iocash, ReadWriteLock myLock, boolean ischeck) {
this.name = name;
this.myCount = myCount;
this.iocash = iocash;
this.myLock = myLock;
this.ischeck = ischeck;
}
public void run() {
if (ischeck) {
// // 获取读锁
// myLock.readLock().lock();
// System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + myCount + "账户,当前金额为" +
// myCount.getCash());
// // 释放读锁
// myLock.readLock().unlock();
myCount.read(name, iocash);
} else {
// // 获取写锁
// myLock.writeLock().lock();
// // 执行现金业务
// System.out.println("写:" + name + "正在操作" + myCount + "账户,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为"
// + myCount.getCash());
// myCount.setCash(myCount.getCash() + iocash);
// System.out.println("写:" + name + "操作" + myCount + "账户成功,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为"
// + myCount.getCash());
// // 释放写锁
// myLock.writeLock().unlock();
myCount.write(name, iocash);
}
}
}
public static class MyCount {
private ReadWriteLock myLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(false);
private String oid; // 账号
private int cash; // 账户余额
public MyCount(String oid, int cash) {
this.oid = oid;
this.cash = cash;
}
public String getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(String oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
public int getCash() {
return cash;
}
public void setCash(int cash) {
this.cash = cash;
}
public void write(String name, int iocash) {
// synchronized (myLock) {
// 获取写锁
// 执行现金业务
System.out.println("写:" + name + "正在操作" + this + "账户,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为"
+ getCash());
setCash(getCash() + iocash);
System.out.println("写:" + name + "操作" + this + "账户成功,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为"
+ getCash());
// 释放写锁
// myLock.writeLock().unlock();
// }
}
public void read(String name, int iocash) {
synchronized (myLock) {
// 获取读锁
System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + this + "账户,当前金额为1111" + getCash());
System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + this + "账户,当前金额为2222" + getCash());
// myLock.readLock().lock();
System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + this + "账户,当前金额为3333" + myLock);
System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + this + "账户,当前金额为3333" + getCash());
System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + this + "账户,当前金额为4444" + getCash());
// 释放读锁
// myLock.readLock().unlock();
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyCount{" + "oid='" + oid + '\'' + ", cash=" + cash + '}';
}
}
}
package com.corp.tsfile.timeseries;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
public class SyncronizedEnumTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建并发访问的账户
MyCount myCount = new MyCount("95599200901215522", 10000);
// 创建一个锁对象
ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(false);
// 创建一个线程池
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
// 创建一些并发访问用户,一个信用卡,存的存,取的取,好热闹啊
int count = 20;
User[] users = new User[count];
Random r = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
// users[i] = new User("张三" + i, myCount, r.nextInt(200) - 400, lock, r.nextBoolean());
users[i] = new User("张三" + i, myCount, r.nextInt(200) - 400, lock, true);
}
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
pool.execute(users[i]);
}
}
public static class User implements Runnable {
private String name; // 用户名
private MyCount myCount; // 所要操作的账户
private int iocash; // 操作的金额,当然有正负之分了
private ReadWriteLock myLock; // 执行操作所需的锁对象
private boolean ischeck; // 是否查询
User(String name, MyCount myCount, int iocash, ReadWriteLock myLock, boolean ischeck) {
this.name = name;
this.myCount = myCount;
this.iocash = iocash;
this.myLock = myLock;
this.ischeck = ischeck;
}
public void run() {
if (ischeck) {
// // 获取读锁
// myLock.readLock().lock();
// System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + myCount + "账户,当前金额为" +
// myCount.getCash());
// // 释放读锁
// myLock.readLock().unlock();
myCount.read(name, iocash);
} else {
// // 获取写锁
// myLock.writeLock().lock();
// // 执行现金业务
// System.out.println("写:" + name + "正在操作" + myCount + "账户,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为"
// + myCount.getCash());
// myCount.setCash(myCount.getCash() + iocash);
// System.out.println("写:" + name + "操作" + myCount + "账户成功,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为"
// + myCount.getCash());
// // 释放写锁
// myLock.writeLock().unlock();
myCount.write(name, iocash);
}
}
}
public static class MyCount {
private ReadWriteLock myLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(false);
private String oid; // 账号
private int cash; // 账户余额
public MyCount(String oid, int cash) {
this.oid = oid;
this.cash = cash;
}
public String getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(String oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
public int getCash() {
return cash;
}
public void setCash(int cash) {
this.cash = cash;
}
public void write(String name, int iocash) {
// synchronized (myLock) {
// 获取写锁
// 执行现金业务
System.out.println("写:" + name + "正在操作" + this + "账户,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为"
+ getCash());
setCash(getCash() + iocash);
System.out.println("写:" + name + "操作" + this + "账户成功,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为"
+ getCash());
// 释放写锁
// myLock.writeLock().unlock();
// }
}
public void read(String name, int iocash) {
synchronized (myLock) {
// 获取读锁
System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + this + "账户,当前金额为1111" + getCash());
System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + this + "账户,当前金额为2222" + getCash());
// myLock.readLock().lock();
System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + this + "账户,当前金额为3333" + myLock);
System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + this + "账户,当前金额为3333" + getCash());
System.out.println("读:" + name + "正在查询" + this + "账户,当前金额为4444" + getCash());
// 释放读锁
// myLock.readLock().unlock();
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyCount{" + "oid='" + oid + '\'' + ", cash=" + cash + '}';
}
}
}