929. Unique Email Addresses [Easy]

可以锻炼使用java String的split()、replacAll()等方法和正则表达式的题

思路很简单，但实现时有坑：

用'.'字符分割字符串，不能用s.split(".")，因为'.'是特殊字符，而split()是用正则表达式匹配参数

这里需要用"\\."或"[.]"作为参数

split()特殊字符的坑：

https://blog.csdn.net/chiling0814/article/details/100723898?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7EBlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2%7Edefault-9.control&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7EBlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2%7Edefault-9.control

/**
 * Runtime: 7 ms, faster than 87.20%
 * Memory Usage: 39.3 MB, less than 62.20%
 */
class Solution {
    
    public int numUniqueEmails(String[] emails) {
        Set<String> set = new HashSet(); // use set to avoid duplicate processed emails
        for (String email : emails) {
            // devide each email to a local name and a domain name
            String[] names = email.split("@");
            // ignore the substring of the local name after '+'
            int idx = names[0].indexOf('+');
            if (idx >= 0) {
                names[0] = names[0].substring(0, idx);
            }
            String[] segs = names[0].split("\\."); // '.' is special character and cannot be directly used to split String, use "\\." or "[.]" instead
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (String seg : segs) {
                sb.append(seg);
            }
            // recombine the processed local name with the domain name
            sb.append('@');
            sb.append(names[1]);
            set.add(sb.toString());
        }
        return set.size();
    }
    
}

/**
 * 用replaceAll()方法，用空字符串替换所有"."，来忽略local name里的"."
 * 用split()方法将local name分成"+"前后的两个子串，只取第一个，来忽略local name里"+"后面的部分
 * 注意"."和"+"都要写成正则表达式版
 * 简化了代码但用了没必要的方法，效率降低
 * Runtime: 25 ms, faster than 30.68%
 * Memory Usage: 40.4 MB, less than 27.01%
 */
class Solution {
    
    public int numUniqueEmails(String[] emails) {
        Set<String> set = new HashSet(); // use set to avoid duplicate processed emails
        for (String email : emails) {
            String[] names = email.split("@");
            names[0] = names[0].replaceAll("\\.", ""); // ignore '.' in the local name
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.append(names[0].split("\\+")[0]); // ignore the substring after '+' in the local name
            sb.append("@");
            sb.append(names[1]);
            set.add(sb.toString());
        }
        return set.size();
    }
    
}

/**
 * 相比于上一段，没有用StringBuilder，直接字符串相加
 * 代码越来越精简，但效率越来越低
 * Runtime: 36 ms, faster than 16.55%
 * Memory Usage: 40.5 MB, less than 25.59%
 */
class Solution {
    
    public int numUniqueEmails(String[] emails) {
        Set<String> set = new HashSet(); // use set to avoid duplicate processed emails
        for (String email : emails) {
            String[] names = email.split("@");
            names[0] = names[0].replaceAll("\\.", ""); // ignore '.' in the local name
            set.add(names[0].split("\\+")[0] + "@" + names[1]);
        }
        return set.size();
    }
    
}