C++中常用函数/语法备忘

1、将字符串以逗号分离后保存到字符串容器

vector<string> SplitStr(string strInput)
{
	string strTmp = strInput;
	vector<string> vecStr;
	for (int i = 0; i < strTmp.size(); ++i) {
		if (strTmp[i] == ',') {
			strTmp[i] = ' ';
		}
	}
	istringstream out(strTmp);
	string str;
	while (out >> str) {
		vecStr.push_back(str);
	}
	return vecStr;
}

2、for循环简化实现

vector<int> vec;
vec.push_back(0);
vec.push_back(1);
for (auto val : vec)
{
	int a = val;
}

 3、vector初始化

	vector<int> myvector{ 1,2,3,4,5 };
	vector<int> myvector(34, 255);

4、STL begin()和end()函数的一种用法 

	Point2f pts[4] = { Point2f(0, 0) ,Point2f(10, 0) ,Point2f(10, 10) ,Point2f(0, 10) };
	Point2f* pPointBegin = begin(pts);
	auto pPointEnd = end(pts);
	vector<Point2f> vecPts;
	vecPts.insert(vecPts.begin(), pPointBegin, pPointEnd);

5、使用sort的lamda方式对容器进行排序

	vector<pair<string, int>> m_boltCentRects;
	m_boltCentRects.push_back(std::pair<string, int>("haha2", 10));
	m_boltCentRects.push_back(std::pair<string, int>("enen1", 20));
	m_boltCentRects.push_back(std::pair<string, int>("haha1", 30));
	sort(m_boltCentRects.begin(), m_boltCentRects.end(), [](auto v1, auto v2) {return v1.first < v2.first; });

6、使用指定的应用软件打开指定的文件

	ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd, _T("open"), _T("labelImg.exe"), _T("xiaoliuya.jpeg"), NULL, SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED);

7、C++把函数名作为参数传递给函数

int add(int i, int j) {
    return i+j;
}
int sub(int i, int j) {
    return i-j;
}
int oper(int (*func)(int, int), int x, int y)
{
    return (*func)(x, y);
}
int main()
{
    int rst; 
    rst = oper(add, 7, 2);
    rst = oper(sub, 5, 4);
}

8、 adjacent_find的lamda表达式使用方法

    vector<Vec3f> myvector;
    myvector.push_back({ 0,2,3 });
    myvector.push_back({ 1,5,6 });
    myvector.push_back({ 1,5,8 });
    std::vector<Vec3f>::iterator it;
    it = adjacent_find(myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), [](cv::Vec3f elem1, cv::Vec3f elem2) {return elem1[0] == elem2[0]; });

9、string实现将字符串中某个字符串全部替换

string replaceAll(string str, const  string old_value, const  string new_value)
{
	while (true)
	{
		string::size_type   pos(0);
		if ((pos = str.find(old_value)) != string::npos)
		{
			str.replace(pos, old_value.length(), new_value);
		}
		else { break; }
	}
	return str;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	string str = "he is@ a@ good boy";
	str = replaceAll(str,"@","#");
	cout << str << endl;
	return 0;
}

10、string实现Format的功能，实现对字符串赋变量值； 

    char chPath[std::numeric_limits<char>::max()];
    sprintf(chPath, "My%s%d%s", "image", 5, ".jpg");
    string strPath(chPath);