Android (2) 第一个项目

第一个工程,那必然是程序员都熟悉的HelloWorld

1 创建工程

        File >> New >> New Project >> 选择空白模板(Empty Activity)

        如果一个app想上线应用商店,包名可能被作为唯一识别表示(包名常常采用反域名命名规则)

        根据个人的开发习惯,可以将"android目录"展现形式切换为"Project目录"展现形式

        gradle.properties中添加如下代码:

android.enableJetifier=true

2 文件目录介绍

       (我们开发者主要关注app下的文件即可)

        res文件夹下,drawable(图片),layout(布局),values(颜色,字符,主题),mipmap(应用图标,为了兼容不同设备,因此有很多文件夹)

        AndroidManifest.xml整个Android项目配置文件,在程序中定义的所有四大组件(Activity组件,service组件,content provider组件,broadcast receiver组件)都需要在这里注册,另外还可以在这个文件中给应用程序添加权限声明

3 运行流程

        App在AndroidManifest.xml找到注册的Activity组件,通过Activity.java进行相关的逻辑操作,向用户展示引入的activity.xml内容

        AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    package="xyz.aboluo">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
        android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Hello_world"
        tools:targetApi="31">
        <activity
            android:name=".AbcActivity"
            android:exported="true"
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:theme="@style/Theme.Hello_world">
            <!--设置此Activity为启动页-->
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

        AbcActivity.java   所有的Activity都要在AndroidManifest中注册

package xyz.aboluo;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class AbcActivity extends Activity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
}

        activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="xyz.aboluo.AbcActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</LinearLayout>

        build.gradle(:app)

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android'
}

android {
    namespace 'xyz.aboluo'
    compileSdk 33

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "xyz.aboluo"
        minSdk 24
        targetSdk 33
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        vectorDrawables {
            useSupportLibrary true
        }
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
    buildFeatures {
        compose true
    }
    composeOptions {
        kotlinCompilerExtensionVersion '1.3.2'
    }
    packagingOptions {
        resources {
            excludes += '/META-INF/{AL2.0,LGPL2.1}'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {

    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.8.0'
    implementation platform('org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-bom:1.8.0')
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.3.1'
    implementation 'androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.5.1'
    implementation platform('androidx.compose:compose-bom:2022.10.00')
    implementation 'androidx.compose.ui:ui'
    implementation 'androidx.compose.ui:ui-graphics'
    implementation 'androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling-preview'
    implementation 'androidx.compose.material3:material3'
    implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:28.0.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.3'
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.4.1'
    implementation platform('org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-bom:1.8.0')
    implementation platform('androidx.compose:compose-bom:2022.10.00')
    implementation platform('org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-bom:1.8.0')
    implementation platform('androidx.compose:compose-bom:2022.10.00')
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'
    androidTestImplementation platform('androidx.compose:compose-bom:2022.10.00')
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-junit4'
    androidTestImplementation platform('androidx.compose:compose-bom:2022.10.00')
    androidTestImplementation platform('androidx.compose:compose-bom:2022.10.00')
    debugImplementation 'androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling'
    debugImplementation 'androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-manifest'
}

        运行APP