Linux磁盘空间扩展

使用gparted工具分区。
apt install gparted
gparted

以下尝试是手动分区和挂载：

1.查看磁盘剩余空间
df -hl

2.查看磁盘空间状态,确认总空间大小和未分配空间大小
fdisk -l

3.进入磁盘分配选项
fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.31.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

   i   print information about a partition

  Misc
   m   print this menu
   u   change display/entry units
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

  Script
   I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
   O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

  Save & Exit
   w   write table to disk and exit
   q   quit without saving changes

  Create a new label
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   s   create a new empty Sun partition table

输入命令：
n，新建一个新的分区

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)

p，主分区，e，扩展分区

Select (default p): e
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (41940992-104857599, default 41940992): 
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (41940992-104857599, default 104857599): 

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Extended' and of size 30 GiB.

w，保存退出

4.再查看磁盘空间，分区完成
fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xbe6ff238

Device     Boot    Start       End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *        2048  41940991 41938944  20G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       41940992 104857599 62916608  30G  5 Extended

5.格式化
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda2

6.临时挂在到home目录，没有该目录新建一个
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/home

7.修改分区id为LVM，LVM为Logical Volume Manager
fdisk /dev/sda
t,改变分区系统id
8e,修改为LVM类型

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e

Changed type of partition 'Extended' to 'Linux LVM'.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

8.扩展新分区
pvcreate /dev/sda2

apt install lvm2

//pvcreate指令用于将物理硬盘分区初始化为物理卷，以便被LVM使用。要创建物理卷必须首先对硬盘进行分区，并且将硬盘分区的类型设置为“8e”后，才能使用pvcreate指令将分区初始化为物理卷。

pvcreate /dev/sda2
Device /dev/sda2 excluded by a filter.