Java面向对象之继承和重写

继承和重写

今天学习了继承与继承中的重写方法，并且做了小例子，主要是运用了JAVA的一些基本知识，主要是继承和方法的改写，还用到了之前的排序方法。这个小程序是描述了对于化妆品的进货（添加化妆品的种类或者和数量）以及展示现有的化妆品种类以及价格（价格按照从小到大排序）。

1. 首先是建立一个化妆品类和一个化妆品管理类，在管理化妆品类中，如果空间不够就要进行空间的扩展

//化妆品类
class CosmeticType {
    private String name;
    private float price;
    private String type;    
    public CosmeticType(String name, float price, String type) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public float getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(float price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }
    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }
    //得到化妆品信息
    public String getInfo(){
        return "The name of Cosmetic is " + name + "     price is " + price + "     The type is " + type;
    }

}
//化妆品管理类
class CosmeticManager{
    //protected 才可以继承
    protected CosmeticType[] cosmetics = new CosmeticType[4];
    protected int count = 0;
    //化妆品进货
    public void add(CosmeticType cos){
        //如果长度不够就扩展空间
        if(count > cosmetics.length){
            //将空间增加一半
            int newLen = cosmetics.length*3/2+1;
            //将原来的信息复制到新的空间中
            cosmetics = Arrays.copyOf(cosmetics, newLen);
        }
        //将添加的cos(一个cosmetic对象)赋值给 最后一个位置
        cosmetics[count] = cos;
        count++;
    }
    //输出所有化妆品
    public void printInfo(){
        for(int i = 0; i < count; i++){
            System.out.println(cosmetics[i].getInfo());
        }
    }

}

2 . 测试输出一下所有的化妆品

public class Cosmetic{
    public static void main(String[] srgs){
        CosmeticManager cm = new CosmeticManager();
        cm.add(new CosmeticType("大宝", 8.0f, "China"));  
        cm.add(new CosmeticType("Olay", 260.0f, "America"));
        cm.add(new CosmeticType("郁美净", 12.0f, "China"));
        cm.add(new CosmeticType("Lancome", 450.0f, "France"));      

        cm.printInfo();
    }
}

基本的类已经构造完成，也可以输出，接下来进行继承和改写部分，在继承时，要确保父类中的属性和方法是protected或者是public，只有这样才能被子类继承。

1.首先写一个继承化妆品管理类的子类，来实现将化妆品按价格从小到大输出

class SortCosmeticManager extends CosmeticManager{
    //重写了父类的打印方法，实现了排序
    public void printInfo(){
        CosmeticType[] cs = new CosmeticType[super.count];
        for(int i = 0; i < cs.length; i++){
            cs[i] = super.cosmetics[i];
        }
        CosmeticType temp = null;
        for(int i = 0; i < cs.length-1; i++){
            for(int j = 0; j < cs.length-1-i; j++){
                if(cs[j].getPrice() >cs[j+1].getPrice()){
                    temp = cs[j];
                    cs[j] = cs[j+1];
                    cs[j+1] = temp;         
                }
            }
        }
    for(int i = 0; i < count; i++){
        System.out.println(cs[i].getInfo());
        }
    }
}

2.测试按价格输出化妆品

public class Cosmetic{
    public static void main(String[] srgs){
        SortCosmeticManager cm = new SortCosmeticManager();
        cm.add(new CosmeticType("大宝", 8.0f, "China"));  
        cm.add(new CosmeticType("Olay", 260.0f, "America"));
        cm.add(new CosmeticType("郁美净", 12.0f, "China"));
        cm.add(new CosmeticType("Lancome", 450.0f, "France"));      

        cm.printInfo();
    }
}

3.然后再写一个继承化妆品管理类的子类，实现只输出国产化妆品

//只输出国产化妆品
class ImportCosmeticManager extends CosmeticManager{
    public void printInfo(){
        for(int i = 0; i < super.count; i++){
            if("China".equals(super.cosmetics[i].getType())){
                System.out.println(cosmetics[i].getInfo());
            }
        }
    }
}

4.测试输出国产化妆品

public class Cosmetic{
    public static void main(String[] srgs){
        ImportCosmeticManager cm = new ImportCosmeticManager();
        cm.add(new CosmeticType("大宝", 8.0f, "China"));  
        cm.add(new CosmeticType("Olay", 260.0f, "America"));
        cm.add(new CosmeticType("郁美净", 12.0f, "China"));
        cm.add(new CosmeticType("Lancome", 450.0f, "France"));      

        cm.printInfo();
    }
}

程序到此结束，所有的功能都已实现。