Python编程从入门到实践习题12-3

编写一个游戏，开始时屏幕中央有一个火箭，而玩家可使用四个方向键上下左右移动火箭。请务必确保火箭不会移到屏幕外面。

主程序：game

import pygame

from settings import Settings

from rocket import Rocket

import functions as f


def run_game():
	pygame.init()
	ai_settings = Settings()
	screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
		(ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))
	pygame.display.set_caption("Exercise-rocket")
	rocket = Rocket(ai_settings, screen)
	
	while True:
		
		f.check_events(rocket)
		rocket.update()	
		f.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, rocket)
		
	
run_game()

设置类：Settings

import pygame

class Settings():
	"""存储火箭所有设置的类"""
	
	def __init__(self):
		self.screen_width = 1200
		self.screen_height = 600
		self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
		self.rocket_speed_factor = 2

火箭类：Rocket

import pygame

class Rocket():
	
	def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
		self.screen = screen
		self.ai_settings = ai_settings
		
		#读取图片
		self.image = pygame.image.load('ship.bmp')
		self.image_rect = self.image.get_rect()
		self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
		
		#确定火箭初始位置
		self.image_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
		self.image_rect.centery = self.screen_rect.centery
		
		#移动标志
		self.moving_left = False
		self.moving_right = False
		self.moving_up = False
		self.moving_down = False

	def update(self):
		if self.moving_left and self.image_rect.left > 0:
			self.image_rect.centerx -= 1
		if self.moving_right and self.image_rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
			self.image_rect.centerx += 1
		if self.moving_up and self.image_rect.top > 0:
			self.image_rect.centery -= 1
		if self.moving_down and self.image_rect.bottom < self.screen_rect.bottom:
			self.image_rect.centery += 1	
	
	def blitme(self):
		self.screen.blit(self.image, self.image_rect)

	
		 

函数：functions

import sys

import pygame


def check_events(rocket):
	"""响应键盘和鼠标事件"""
	for event in pygame.event.get():
		if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
			sys.exit()	
		elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
			check_keydown_events(event, rocket)	
		elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
			check_keyup_events(event, rocket)
	
def check_keydown_events(event, rocket):
	if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
		rocket.moving_right = True
	elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
		rocket.moving_left = True
	elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
		rocket.moving_up = True
	elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
		rocket.moving_down = True
		
def check_keyup_events(event, rocket):
	if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
		rocket.moving_right = False
	elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
		rocket.moving_left = False
	elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
		rocket.moving_up = False
	elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
		rocket.moving_down = False
	
	
def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, rocket):
	#填充屏幕
	screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
	rocket.blitme()
	pygame.display.flip()	

实际效果：

小结：这个程序其实是模仿书上的程序写的。但编写的过程中遇到许多小问题：

            1.对于获取的矩形范围的上部是top而不是up

            2.向下移动的时候是小于号，一直没注意找了好久才发现

            3.在编写Rocket类时，在编写键盘判断过程中忘记写self，从而出现NameError

            4.在check_events()函数中，对编写if语句块内容时忘记附上对象rocket.而导致出错