Python从入门到实践习题13-1、13-2

星星：找一副星星图像，并在屏幕上显示一系列排列整齐的星星。

又一次模仿书上的代码，又出现了新问题，同样粗心。希望明天会更好。

主程序：display

import pygame

import sys

from settings import Settings

from pygame.sprite import Group

import func as f

def display():
	"""显示"""
	pygame.init()
	settings = Settings()
	screen = pygame.display.set_mode((settings.screen_width, settings.screen_height))
	pygame.display.set_caption("Display Stars")
	stars = Group()
	f.create_stars(settings, screen, stars)
	
	while True:
		f.check_keys()
		f.update_screen(settings, screen, stars)
			
display()

设置类：Settings

import pygame

class Settings():
	"""存放所有设置的类"""
	
	def __init__(self):
		self.screen_width = 1200
		self.screen_height = 700
		self.bg_color = (248, 2, 3)
		

星星类：Star

import pygame

from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Star(Sprite):
	"""星星的类"""
	
	def __init__(self, screen):
		super().__init__()
		self.screen = screen
		
		self.image = pygame.image.load('star.bmp')
		self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
		self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
		
		self.rect.x = self.rect.width
		self.rect.y = self.rect.height
		
	def blitme(self):
		"""绘制星星"""
		self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

函数func

import sys 

import pygame

from star import Star

def check_keys():
	for event in pygame.event.get():
		if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
			sys.exit()

def update_screen(settings, screen, stars):
		"""重绘屏幕"""
		screen.fill(settings.bg_color)
		stars.draw(screen)
		pygame.display.flip()

def get_number_stars_x(settings, star_width):
	space_x = settings.screen_width - star_width
	number_stars_x = int(space_x / (2 * star_width))
	return number_stars_x
	
def get_number_stars_y(settings, star_height):
	space_y = settings.screen_height - star_height 
	number_stars_y = int(space_y / (2 * star_height))
	return number_stars_y

def create_star(screen, stars, star_number, row_number):
	star = Star(screen)
	star_width = star.rect.width
	star.x = star_width + 2 * star_width * star_number
	star.rect.x = star.x
	star.rect.y = star.rect.height + 2 * star.rect.height * row_number
	stars.add(star)
	
def create_stars(settings, screen, stars):
	star = Star(screen)
	number_stars_x = get_number_stars_x(settings, star.rect.width)
	number_stars_y = get_number_stars_y(settings, star.rect.height)
	for row_number in range(number_stars_y):
		for star_number in range(number_stars_x):
			create_star(screen, stars, star_number, row_number)

实际效果图：

总结：

1.

今天遇到了新问题：UnboundLocalError:local variable

在测试显示一个星星的过程中：

在实例化star = Star(screen)时，把这句话写在了screen = .......前面

2.

值得注意的地方：

在计算行和列能放置星星的数量时，将number_stars_x = int(space_x / (2 * star_width))和number_stars_y = int(space_y / (2 * star_height))，写成number_stars_x = int(space_x / 2 )和number_stars_y = int(space_y / 2 ），结果就是bug不好找，程序运行时慢的不行，显示的效果还有些混乱，和预期相差较大，甚至会出现内存溢出错误。看看这两种情况：

很恐怖！值得注意！

13-2 更逼真的星星：随机放置星星

根据书上的生成随机数的提示：

            from random import randint

            random_number = randint(-10, 10)

还是用上面的程序，需要更改的地方如下（只需更改func内的函数即可）：

def create_star(screen, stars, star_number):
	star = Star(screen)
	star_width = star.rect.width
	star.x = randint(0, 1700) + star_width
	star.rect.x = star.x
	star.rect.y = randint(0, 700) + star.rect.height
	stars.add(star)

def create_stars(settings, screen, stars):
	star = Star(screen)
	number_stars_x = get_number_stars_x(settings, star.rect.width)
	number_stars_y = get_number_stars_y(settings, star.rect.height)
	#for row_number in range(number_stars_y):
	for star_number in range(number_stars_x):
		create_star(screen, stars, star_number)

效果图（根据图案的选择，可能出现重叠的效果）：

欢迎大家提出改进意见！