我的原则:先会用再说,内部慢慢来
Thread.sleep 与 Thread.yield 的区别
一、 作用
- Thread.sleep 的作用是啥:当前thread睡觉,让出CPU。(不释放锁)
- Thread.yield 作用是啥:当前 thread睡觉,让出CPU。(不释放锁)
二、注意点
三、区别
- Thread.sleep 有一个方法: Thread.sleep(long millis),需要传递参数。 millis > 0 的时候,可以被打断。
- Thread.yield 有一个方法: Thread.yield() ,不需要传递参数。睡觉过程不允许被打断。
- Thread.sleep(0) = Thread.yield() 【效果一样】,两者的意思都是不释放锁的前提下,让出资源,等到别的线程搞完再来弄我自己的。
四、代码
public class _05_01_YieldTest implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run(){
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + ": " + i);
// Thread.yield();
try {
Thread.sleep(0);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
_05_01_YieldTest runn = new _05_01_YieldTest();
Thread t1 = new Thread(runn, "t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(runn, "t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
Thread.sleep(100);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
System.out.println("Main " + Thread.currentThread() + ": " + i);
// Thread.yield();
try {
Thread.sleep(0);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
输出:
Thread[t1,5,main]: 0
Main Thread[main,5,main]: 0
Thread[t2,5,main]: 0
Main Thread[main,5,main]: 1
Thread[t1,5,main]: 1
Main Thread[main,5,main]: 2
Thread[t2,5,main]: 1
Thread[t1,5,main]: 2
Thread[t2,5,main]: 2
很明显, Thread.sleep(0) 效果跟Thread.yield()效果都是一样的。但是如果 Thread.sleep(long millis)的参数 millis大于0,那么JVM底层调用的是 os::sleep,等于0调用的是 os::yield();
五、 JVM源码
- 先看 Thread.Yeild 底层
JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_Yield(JNIEnv *env, jclass threadClass))
JVMWrapper("JVM_Yield");
//检查是否设置了DontYieldALot参数,默认为fasle
//如果设置为true,直接返回
if (os::dont_yield()) return;
//如果ConvertYieldToSleep=true(默认为false),调用os::sleep,否则调用os::yield
if (ConvertYieldToSleep) {
os::sleep(thread, MinSleepInterval, false);//sleep 1ms
} else {
os::yield();
}
JVM_END
所以实际上调用的是 os::yield()
//sched_yield是linux kernel提供的API,它会使调用线程放弃CPU使用权,加入到同等优先级队列的末尾;
//如果调用线程是优先级最高的唯一线程,yield方法返回后,调用线程会继续运行;
//因此可以知道,对于和调用线程相同或更高优先级的线程来说,yield方法会给予了它们一次运行的机会;
void os::yield() {
sched_yield();
}
- 再看 Thread.sleep 底层
JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_Sleep(JNIEnv* env, jclass threadClass, jlong millis))
JVMWrapper("JVM_Sleep");
if (millis < 0) {//参数校验
THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "timeout value is negative");
}
//如果线程已经中断,抛出中断异常,关于中断的实现,在另一篇文章中会讲解
if (Thread::is_interrupted (THREAD, true) && !HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_InterruptedException(), "sleep interrupted");
}
//设置线程状态为SLEEPING
JavaThreadSleepState jtss(thread);
EventThreadSleep event;
if (millis == 0) {
//如果设置了ConvertSleepToYield(默认为true),和yield效果相同
if (ConvertSleepToYield) {
os::yield(); // ==================== 这里是重点 !!!!!====================
} else {//否则调用os::sleep方法
ThreadState old_state = thread->osthread()->get_state();
thread->osthread()->set_state(SLEEPING);
os::sleep(thread, MinSleepInterval, false);//sleep 1ms
thread->osthread()->set_state(old_state);
}
} else {//参数大于0
//保存初始状态,返回时恢复原状态
ThreadState old_state = thread->osthread()->get_state();
//osthread->thread status mapping:
// NEW->NEW
//RUNNABLE->RUNNABLE
//BLOCKED_ON_MONITOR_ENTER->BLOCKED
//IN_OBJECT_WAIT,PARKED->WAITING
//SLEEPING,IN_OBJECT_WAIT_TIMED,PARKED_TIMED->TIMED_WAITING
//TERMINATED->TERMINATED
thread->osthread()->set_state(SLEEPING);
//调用os::sleep方法,如果发生中断,抛出异常
if (os::sleep(thread, millis, true) == OS_INTRPT) {
if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
if (event.should_commit()) {
event.set_time(millis);
event.commit();
}
THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_InterruptedException(), "sleep interrupted");
}
}
thread->osthread()->set_state(old_state);//恢复osThread状态
}
if (event.should_commit()) {
event.set_time(millis);
event.commit();
}
JVM_END
看到没,millis = 0 的时候, sleep 底层就是 yield。