DFS - Red and Black

There is a rectangular room, covered with square tiles. Each tile is colored either red or black. A man is standing on a black tile. From a tile, he can move to one of four adjacent tiles. But he can't move on red tiles, he can move only on black tiles. 

Write a program to count the number of black tiles which he can reach by repeating the moves described above. 

Input

The input consists of multiple data sets. A data set starts with a line containing two positive integers W and H; W and H are the numbers of tiles in the x- and y- directions, respectively. W and H are not more than 20. 

There are H more lines in the data set, each of which includes W characters. Each character represents the color of a tile as follows. 

'.' - a black tile 
'#' - a red tile 
'@' - a man on a black tile(appears exactly once in a data set) 

Output

For each data set, your program should output a line which contains the number of tiles he can reach from the initial tile (including itself). 

Sample Input

6 9
....#.
.....#
......
......
......
......
......
#@...#
.#..#.
11 9
.#.........
.#.#######.
.#.#.....#.
.#.#.###.#.
.#.#..@#.#.
.#.#####.#.
.#.......#.
.#########.
...........
11 6
..#..#..#..
..#..#..#..
..#..#..###
..#..#..#@.
..#..#..#..
..#..#..#..
7 7
..#.#..
..#.#..
###.###
...@...
###.###
..#.#..
..#.#..
0 0

Sample Output

45
59
6
13

题意： .为黑砖，#为红砖（围墙），@为一个人的初始位置，求此人在迷宫中能走的所有黑砖个数（不可越过围墙）

思路：运用DFS走一遍，并且计数。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
char a[30][30]; //绘制地图
int W,H,sum;
int dir[4][2]= {0,1,0,-1,1,0,-1,0}; //上下左右四个方位
bool checkedge (int h,int w)   //条件之一，检查是否越界
{
    if(h>=1&&h<=H&&w>=1&&w<=W)
        return 1;
    else return 0;
}
void dfs(int h,int w)
{
    sum++;     //每到一个位置则步数加一，初始进入函数即初始步数也算为了加1
    a[h][w]='#';   //走过的位置不再重复，位置换为墙
    for(int i=0; i<4; i++)   //上下左右四个方位检查能否生成节点
    {
        if(checkedge(h+dir[i][0],w+dir[i][1])&&a[h+dir[i][0]][w+dir[i][1]]=='.')  //检查生成的下一个节点是否满足条件
            dfs(h+dir[i][0],w+dir[i][1]);   //满足则进入下一步（下一深度）

    }
    return ;
}
int main()
{
    int xx,yy;
    char ch;
    while(~scanf("%d%d",&W,&H)&&W!=0&&H!=0)
    {
        sum=0;
        int i,j;
        scanf("%c",&ch);
        for( i=1; i<=H; i++)
        {
            for( j=1; j<=W; j++)
            {
                scanf("%c",&ch);
                a[i][j]=ch;
                if(ch=='@')     //记录初始坐标
                {
                    xx=i,yy=j;
                }
            }
            scanf("%c",&ch);
        }
        dfs(xx,yy);   //赋入初始坐标
        printf("%d\n",sum);
    }
    return 0;
}