图像常用操作笔记

通道分割

基本操作

模糊（过滤噪音）

• GaussianBlur()

• medianBlur
  能很好的过滤椒盐噪声

• bilateralFilter
  有效地保留了边缘

边缘检测

sobel

• scipy.ndimage

from scipy.ndimage.filters import sobel
def sobel_edge(img):
    """
    提取sobel边界
    :param img:
    :return:
    """
    imx = np.zeros(img.shape)
    imy = np.zeros(img.shape)
    sobel(img, 0, imx)
    sobel(img, 1, imy)
    magnitude = np.sqrt(imx ** 2 + imy ** 2)
    return magnitude

• opencv

src = cv.GaussianBlur(src, (3, 3), 0)
gray = cv.cvtColor(src, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
grad_x = cv.Sobel(gray, ddepth, 1, 0, ksize=3, scale=scale, delta=delta, borderType=cv.BORDER_DEFAULT)
# Gradient-Y
# grad_y = cv.Scharr(gray,ddepth,0,1)
grad_y = cv.Sobel(gray, ddepth, 0, 1, ksize=3, scale=scale, delta=delta, borderType=cv.BORDER_DEFAULT)
abs_grad_x = cv.convertScaleAbs(grad_x)
abs_grad_y = cv.convertScaleAbs(grad_y)
grad = cv.addWeighted(abs_grad_x, 0.5, abs_grad_y, 0.5, 0)

laplace

# Since our input is CV_8U we define ddepth = CV_16S to avoid overflow
ddepth = cv.CV_16S
# Apply Laplace function
dst = cv.Laplacian(src_gray, ddepth, kernel_size)

canny

ratio = 3
detected_edges = cv.Canny(img_blur, low_threshold, low_threshold*ratio, kernel_size)

阈值分割

形态学处理

轮廓检测

角点检测