python中的常用小语法(持续更新,欢迎补充)

文本替换

例如把 line 这个字符串中的”\n”替换成 “”

line.replace("\n","")

查找字典中的key是否存在

方法一

 dict.has_key(key_name)

 返回值:True 或者 False

方法二

if key in dict.keys()：
    print "key in dict"

给字典按照value按照从大到小排序

排序

dict = {'a':21, 'b':5, 'c':3, 'd':54, 'e':74, 'f':0}
new_dict = sorted(dict.iteritems(), key=lambda d:d[1], reverse = True)
print new_dict

输出

python按照list中的字典的某key排序:

例子:

s=[
{"no":28,"score":90},
{"no":25,"score":90},
{"no":1,"score":100},
{"no":2,"score":20},

]
print "original s: ",s
# 单级排序，仅按照score排序
new_s = sorted(s,key = lambda e:e.__getitem__('score'))
print "new s: ", new_s
# 多级排序,先按照score，再按照no排序
new_s_2 = sorted(new_s,key = lambda e:(e.__getitem__('score'),e.__getitem__('no')))
print "new_s_2: ", new_s_2

输出:

original s:  [{'score': 90, 'no': 28}, {'score': 90, 'no': 25}, {'score': 100, 'no': 1}, {'score': 20, 'no': 2}]

new s:  [{'score': 20, 'no': 2}, {'score': 90, 'no': 28}, {'score': 90, 'no': 25}, {'score': 100, 'no': 1}]

new_s_2:  [{'score': 20, 'no': 2}, {'score': 90, 'no': 25}, {'score': 90, 'no': 28}, {'score': 100, 'no': 1}]

说明

1.new_s和new_s2的区别在于当score均为90的时候,重新按照no排序

2.顺序为从小到大,若在sorted函数的参数加上reverse = True则为从大到小

字符串与url编码的转换

主要应用的场景
爬虫生成带搜索词语的网址

1.字符串转为url编码

import urllib
poet_name = "李白"
url_code_name = urllib.quote(poet_name)
print url_code_name
#输出
#%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD

2.url编码转为字符串

import urllib
url_code_name = "%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD"
name = urllib.unquote(url_code_name)
print name
#输出
#李白