POJ 1780 Code (欧拉回路 ＋构造)

Code

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 2150		Accepted: 785

Description

KEY Inc., the leading company in security hardware, has developed a new kind of safe. To unlock it, you don't need a key but you are required to enter the correct n-digit code on a keypad (as if this were something new!). There are several models available, from toy safes for children (with a 2-digit code) to the military version (with a 6-digit code).

The safe will open as soon as the last digit of the correct code is entered. There is no "enter" key. When you enter more than n digits, only the last n digits are significant. For example (in the 4-digit version), if the correct code is 4567, and you plan to enter the digit sequence 1234567890, the door will open as soon as you press the 7 key.

The software to create this effect is rather simple. In the n-digit version the safe is always in one of 10^n-1 internal states. The current state of the safe simply represents the last n-1 digits that have been entered. One of these states (in the example above, state 456) is marked as the unlocked state. If the safe is in the unlocked state and then the right key (in the example above, 7) is pressed, the door opens. Otherwise the safe shifts to the corresponding new state. For example, if the safe is in state 456 and then you press 8, the safe goes into state 568.

A trivial strategy to open the safe is to enter all possible codes one after the other. In the worst case, however, this will require n * 10ⁿ keystrokes. By choosing a good digit sequence it is possible to open the safe in at most 10ⁿ + n - 1 keystrokes. All you have to do is to find a digit sequence that contains all n-digit sequences exactly once. KEY Inc. claims that for the military version (n=6) the fastest computers available today would need billions of years to find such a sequence - but apparently they don't know what some programmers are capable of...

Input

The input contains several test cases. Every test case is specified by an integer n. You may assume that 1<=n<=6. The last test case is followed by a zero.

Output

For each test case specified by n output a line containing a sequence of 10ⁿ + n - 1 digits that contains each n-digit sequence exactly once.

Sample Input

1
2
0

Sample Output

0123456789
00102030405060708091121314151617181922324252627282933435363738394454647484955657585966768697787988990

Source

Ulm Local 2004

题目链接：http://poj.org/problem?id=1780

题目大意：对每一个n，求一个数串，使得每一个n位数在其中出现且仅出现一次

题目分析：类似旋转鼓轮，对于当前长度为n－1的序列，其后添加一个数字，使得添加后的序列没有在前面出现过，用模拟栈存储

#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
int const MAX = 1e5;
int l[MAX], stack[10 * MAX];
char ans[10 * MAX];
int s, a;

void search(int v, int m)
{
    int w;
    while(l[v] < 10)
    {
        w = v * 10 + l[v]; //这里相当于移动操作,把之前的后n－1当现在的前n－1
        l[v]++;
        stack[s++] = w;
        v = w % m;
    }
}

int main()
{
    int n;
    while(scanf("%d", &n) != EOF && n)
    {
        if(n == 1)
        {
            printf("0123456789\n");
            continue;
        }
        s = 0, a = 0;
        int v = 0;
        int m = pow(10, double(n - 1));
        memset(l, 0, sizeof(l));
        search(0, m);
        while(s)
        {
            v = stack[--s];
            ans[a++] = v % 10 + '0';
            v /= 10;
            search(v, m);
        }
        for(int i = 1; i < n; i++)
            putchar('0');
        while(a)
            putchar(ans[--a]);
        printf("\n");
    }
}

输出的时候printf超市，putchar 48ms，我的天