进程间共享的资源,通过semaphore 来保护,
semget( ), get semaphore set identifier.
semctl ( ), init semaphore element,
semop( ), operate the semaphore element of set,
而线程间的共享资源(such as share memory),通过pthread_mutex_lock( ) and pthread_mutex_unlock( )来保护。
下面是semaphore的几个系统调用:
int semget(key_t key, int nsems, int semflg); 返回与 key 相关联的semaphore set identifier;
nsems: 创建的semaphore element 个数;如果semflg = IPC_CREAT, 或者 key = IPC_PRIVATE,则新的nsems 个semaphore elements 被创建;
semflg: 如果 semflg = IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL;则如果key所标识的semaphore set 已经存在,则返回出错。
if successful, 返回 semaphore set identifier; otherwise, 返回-1,错误码存放在errno里。
int semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, ...); 在semid 所指定的semaphore set 上(或者第semnum个element of set 上)执行 cmd 所标识的操作。valid values for cmd are:
IPC_RMID: remove the semaphore set immediately,
int semop(int semid, struct sembuf *sops, unsigned nsops);
struct sembuf,包含下面几个字段:
unsigned short sem_num; /* semaphore number */
short sem_op; /* semaphore operation */
short sem_flg; /* operation flags */