RSA的生成与应用

一、生成RAS密钥

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Base64;

public class GenerateKeyPair {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // 创建 KeyPairGenerator 对象，选择加密算法（这里使用 RSA 算法）
            KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");

            // 初始化 KeyPairGenerator，指定密钥长度（例如，2048位）
            keyPairGenerator.initialize(2048);

            // 生成密钥对
            KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

            // 获取公钥和私钥的字节数组
            byte[] publicKeyBytes = keyPair.getPublic().getEncoded();
            byte[] privateKeyBytes = keyPair.getPrivate().getEncoded();

            // 将公钥和私钥保存为.pem文件
            saveToPemFile("D:\\publicKey.pem", publicKeyBytes, "PUBLIC KEY");
            saveToPemFile("D:\\privateKey.pem", privateKeyBytes, "PRIVATE KEY");

            System.out.println("公钥和私钥已成功保存。");

        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void saveToPemFile(String fileName, byte[] keyBytes, String keyType) {
        // 将字节数组转换为Base64编码的字符串
        String base64Key = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(keyBytes);

        // 构建PEM格式的字符串
        String pemKey = "-----BEGIN " + keyType + "-----\n";
        pemKey += base64Key.replaceAll("(.{64})", "$1\n"); // 每64字符换行
        pemKey += "\n-----END " + keyType + "-----\n";

        // 将PEM字符串保存到文件中
        try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fileName)) {
            fos.write(pemKey.getBytes());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

二、RSA的加密解密

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.io.*;

public class EncryptDecrypt {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // 从文件中加载公钥和私钥
            PublicKey publicKey = loadPublicKey("D:\\publicKey.pem");
            PrivateKey privateKey = loadPrivateKey("D:\\privateKey.pem");

            // 要加密的数据
            String data = "Hello, world!";

            // 使用公钥加密数据
            byte[] encryptedData = encrypt(data, publicKey);

            System.out.println("加密后的数据: " + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedData));

            // 使用私钥解密数据
            String decryptedData = decrypt(encryptedData, privateKey);

            System.out.println("解密后的数据: " + decryptedData);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static PublicKey loadPublicKey(String fileName) throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = loadKeyFromFile(fileName);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        return keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
    }

    private static PrivateKey loadPrivateKey(String fileName) throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = loadKeyFromFile(fileName);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        return keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
    }

    private static byte[] loadKeyFromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
        // 读取文件内容
        String keyPem = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(fileName)));

        // 去除 PEM 文件的头部和尾部
        keyPem = keyPem.replace("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----", "")
                .replace("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", "")
                .replace("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----", "")
                .replace("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----", "")
                .replaceAll("\\s", ""); // 去除所有的空白字符

        // 进行 Base64 解码
        return Base64.getDecoder().decode(keyPem);
    }

    private static byte[] encrypt(String data, PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
        return cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes());
    }

    private static String decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
        byte[] decryptedData = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData);
        return new String(decryptedData);
    }
}