python中列表常用方法

• 列表可以通过下标来改变元素的值
• 列表中的元素也可以是列表
• 列表中的元素种类可以不同

1.append（object）在列表尾部追加元素

#追加元素
a = ["city","kill",11,98]
a.append("python")
print(a)
 
#追加元组
b = ["city","kill",11,98]
t = ("java","python")
b.append(t)
print(b)
 
#追加列表
c = ["city","kill",11,98]
c.append(["java","python"])
print(c)

['city', 'kill', 11, 98, 'python']
['city', 'kill', 11, 98, ('java', 'python')]
['city', 'kill', 11, 98, ['java', 'python']]

2.insert（index，object）向指定位置添加元素

#插入元素
a = ["city","kill",11,98]
a.insert(1,'python')
print(a)
 
#插入元组
b = ["city","kill",11,98]
t = ("java","python")
b.insert(1,t)
print(b)
 
#插入列表
c = ["city","kill",11,98]
c.insert(3,["java","python"])
print(c)
 
#插入字符串
d = ["city","kill",11,98]
d.insert(0,"python")

['city', 'python', 'kill', 11, 98]
['city', ('java', 'python'), 'kill', 11, 98]
['city', 'kill', 11, ['java', 'python'], 98]

3.sort（）列表按照ASCLL码值从小到大排序

a = [1,3,6,8,95,5,88,47]
a.sort()
#print(a.sort())#不可一起写，sort函数修改序列，不返回任何值，打印出为None
print(a)

[1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 47, 88, 95]

注意：排序的时候列表里的元素需种类单一

4.index（）查找元素位置，返回下标值

a = [1,3,6,1,8,95,5,88,47]
print(a.index(3))

1

注意：当元素有重复时，会返回该元素第一次出现的  下标值，当不存在该元素时，会报错

5.reverse（）将列表进行翻转

a = [1,3,6,1,8,95,5,88,47]
a.reverse()
print(a)

 [47, 88, 5, 95, 8, 1, 6, 3, 1]

6.remove（）通过元素移除列表中的元素

a = [1,3,6,1,8,95,5,88,47]
a.remove(1)
print(a)

[3, 6, 1, 8, 95, 5, 88, 47]

注意：如果元素不存在则会抛出异常

7.count（）统计元素出现的次数

a = [1,3,6,1,8,95,5,88,47]
print(a.count(1))

2

8.clear（）清除元素

a = [1,3,6,1,8,95,5,88,47]
a.clear()
print(a)

[]

9.copy（）拷贝列表

a = [1,3,6,1,8,95,5,88,47]
s = a.copy()
print(s)

[1,3,6,1,8,95,5,88,47]

10.extend（）合并列表

#追加元素
a = ["city","kill",11,98]
a.extend("python")
print(a)
 
#追加元组
b = ["city","kill",11,98]
t = ("java","python")
b.extend(t)
print(b)
 
#追加列表
c = ["city","kill",11,98]
c.extend(["java","python"])
print(c)

['city', 'kill', 11, 98, 'p', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n']
['city', 'kill', 11, 98, 'java', 'python']
['city', 'kill', 11, 98, 'java', 'python']

11.pop（）删除列表最后一个元素，有返回值，其值为删除的元素

list = ["python",1,2,"java",78,9,80,90]
print(list)
list.pop(3)
print(list)

['python', 1, 2, 'java', 78, 9, 80, 90]
['python', 1, 2, 'java', 78, 9, 80]