中介者模式
用一个中介对象来封装一系列的对象交互。中介者使个各对象不需要显式地相互引用,从而使其耦合松散,而且可以独立地改变它们之间的交互。
本文讲解中介者模式框架,代码使用C++语言描述,代码存在的不足或问题有望各位指出。
中介者模式代码框架
//中介者模式
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Colleague;
class ConcreteColleague1;
class ConcreteColleague2;
class Mediator
{
public:
virtual ~Mediator(){}
virtual void send(string message, Colleague *colleague) =0;
protected:
Mediator(){}
};
class Colleague
{
public:
virtual ~Colleague(){}
protected:
Colleague(){}
Colleague(Mediator *mediator)
{
this->mediator = mediator;
}
protected:
Mediator *mediator =nullptr;
};
class ConcreteMediator : public Mediator
{
public:
ConcreteMediator(){}
~ConcreteMediator(){}
void setColleague1(ConcreteColleague1 *colleague1)
{
this->colleague1 = colleague1;
}
void setColleague2(ConcreteColleague2 *colleague2)
{
this->colleague2 = colleague2;
}
void send(string message, Colleague *colleague) override;
private:
ConcreteColleague1 *colleague1;
ConcreteColleague2 *colleague2;
};
class ConcreteColleague1: public Colleague
{
public:
ConcreteColleague1(Mediator *mediator)
{
this->mediator = mediator;
}
void send(string message)
{
mediator->send(message,this);
}
void notify(string message)
{
cout << "同事1得到消息:" << message <<endl;
}
};
class ConcreteColleague2: public Colleague
{
public:
ConcreteColleague2(Mediator *mediator)
{
this->mediator = mediator;
}
void send(string message)
{
mediator->send(message,this);
}
void notify(string message)
{
cout << "同事2得到消息:" << message <<endl;
}
};
void ConcreteMediator::send(string message, Colleague *colleague)
{
if(colleague == colleague1 )
{
colleague2->notify(message);
}
else
{
colleague1->notify(message);
}
}
int main()
{
ConcreteMediator *m = new ConcreteMediator();
ConcreteColleague1 *c1 = new ConcreteColleague1(m);
ConcreteColleague2 *c2 = new ConcreteColleague2(m);
m->setColleague1(c1);
m->setColleague2(c2);
c1->send("吃过饭了吗?");
c2->send("没有呢,你打算请客吗?");
delete m;
delete c1;
delete c2;
return 0;
}
中介者模式优缺点
1、中介者模式很容易在系统中应用,也很容易在系统中误用。当系统出现了‘多对多’交互复杂的对象群时,不要急于使用中介者模式,而要先反思你的系统在设计上是不是合理。
2、Mediator的出现减少了各个Colleague的耦合,使得可以独立地改变和复用各个Colleague类和Mediator;其次,由于把对象如何协作进行了抽象,将中介作为一个独立的概念并将其封装在一个对象中,这样关注的对象就从对象各自本身的行为转移到它们之间的交互上来,也就是站在一个更宏观的角度去看待系统。
3、由于ConcreteMediator控制了集中化,于是就把交互复杂性变为了中介者的复杂性,这就使得中介者会变得比任何一个ConcreteColleague都复杂。