运算符重载

1.介绍

        运算符重载是对已有的运算符重新定义，赋予不同的功能，以适应不同的数据类型。

2.归类

加号运算符重载代码实现：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Person {
public:
	Person() {
		cout << "构造函数";
	};
	Person(int age, int weight) {
		this->age = age;
		this->weight = weight;
	}
	Person operator+(const Person& p) {//成员函数实现+号运算符重载
		Person temp;
		temp.age = this->age + p.age;
		temp.weight = this->weight + p.weight;
		return temp;
	}
	int age, weight;
};

//全局函数实现+号运算符重载
Person operator+(const Person& p1, const Person& p2) {
	Person temp;
	temp.age = p1.age + p2.age;
	temp.weight = p1.weight + p2.weight;
	return temp;
}
int main() {
	Person p1(10, 10);
	Person p2(100, 100);
	Person p3;
	p3 = p1 + p2;
	//p3 = p1.operator+(p2);//与上同义
	cout << p3.age << " " << p3.weight;
}

左移运算符重载代码实现：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Person {
public:
	Person(int age, int weight) {
		this->age = age;
		this->weight = weight;
	}
	int age, weight;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout, Person& p) {//<<运算符的重载只能在全局函数中实现
//由于每次只能cout一个对象，利用链式编程思想即可实现，cout的类型是ostream，查看底层就能知道
	cout << p.age << " " << p.weight << endl;
	return cout;
}

int main() {
	Person p1(10, 20);
	Person p2(30, 40);
	cout << p1 << p2 << endl;
}

递增运算符代码实现：(此处将左移运算符重载与递增运算符重载共同使用)

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Person {
public:
	Person() {};
	Person(int age,int weight) {
		this->age = age;
		this->weight = weight;
	}
	Person& operator++() {//前置递增
		this->age++;
		this->weight++;
		return *this;
	}
	Person operator++(int) {//后置递增，int作为占位符用来区分两个函数
		Person temp=*this;//先将temp赋值为原来的
		this->age++;
		this->weight++;
		return temp;//返回的是一个临时对象，返回之后会被释放，所以不能加上引用。
	}
	int age, weight;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout, Person p) {
	cout << p.age << " " << p.weight << endl;
	return cout;
}

int main() {
	Person p1(5,5);
	++p1;
	cout << p1 << endl;
	p1++;
	cout << p1 << endl;
}

附带递减运算符重载：

class Person {
public:
	Person() {};
	Person(int age, int weight) {
		this->age = age;
		this->weight = weight;
	}
	Person& operator--() {
		this->age--;
		this->weight--;
		return *this;
	}
	Person operator--(int) {
		Person temp = *this;
		this->age--;
		this->weight--;
		return temp;
	}
	int age, weight;
};

关系运算符重载代码实现：（包括==和！=）

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Person {
public:
	Person(int age, int weight) {
		this->age = age;
		this->weight = weight;
	}
	bool operator==(Person& p) {
		if (this->age == p.age && this->weight == p.weight)
			return 1;
		else return 0;
	}
	bool operator!=(Person& p) {
		if (this->age == p.age && this->weight == p.weight)
			return 0;
		else return 1;
	}
	int age, weight;
};
int main() {
	Person p1(10, 20);
	Person p2(10, 20);
	if (p1 == p2)cout << "yes" << endl;
	else cout << "no" << endl;
	if (p1 != p2)cout << "yes" << endl;
	else cout << "no" << endl;
}

函数调用运算符重载：

（主要用于仿函数，下面利用仿函数对set容器进行自定义类型的自定义规则·排序）

#include<iostream>
#include<set>
#include<ctime>
#include<cstdio>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
class Person {
public:
	Person(int age, int weight) {
		this->age = age;
		this->weight = weight;
	}
	int age, weight;
};
class mycompare {
public:
	bool operator()(Person a, Person b)const {//函数调用运算符重载
		if (a.age != b.age)//按照age从大到小排序，若相等，按照weight从大到小
			return a.weight > b.weight;
		else return a.age > b.age;
	}
};
int main() {
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	set<Person, mycompare>cont;
	for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
		int weight = rand() % 41 + 60;
		Person temp(i, weight);
		cont.insert(temp);
	}
	for (set<Person, mycompare>::iterator it = cont.begin(); it != cont.end(); it++)
		cout << it->age << " " << it->weight << endl;//最终结果输出
}