例题 4-3 救济金发放(The Dole Queue) UVa 133

题目:

为了缩短领救济品的队伍,NNGLRP决定了以下策略:每天所有来申请救济品的人会被放在一个大圆圈,面朝里面。选定一个人为编号 1 号,其他的就从那个人开始逆时针开始编号直到 N。一个官员一开始逆时针数,数 k 个申请者,然后另一个官员第 N 个始顺时针方向数 m 个申请者,这两个人就出圆圈。如果两个官员数的是同一个人,那个人则出圈,如果选了两个不同的人,则先输出第一个第一个官员数出的那个人,然后2个官员再在剩下的人里面继续选直到没人剩下来,注意两个被选 中的人是同时走掉的,所以就有可能两个官员选中一个人。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#define maxn 1000
int a[maxn];
int n, k, m;
int go(int p, int d, int t) //巧妙 
	{
		while(t--){
			do{
				p = (p+d+n)%n;
			}while(a[p] == 0);
		}
		return p;
	}
int main()
	{
		int people;
		while(scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&k,&m) == 3 && !(n == 0 && k == 0 && m == 0)){
			for(int i = 0; i < n; i++ ){
				a[i] = i+1;
			}
			int left = n;//剩余 人数 
			int p1 = n-1, p2 = 0; // p指向起始处的前一个位置 
			while(left){
				p1 = go(p1, 1, k);
				p2 = go(p2, -1, m);
				printf("%3d", p1+1);//注意 出队人的序号比索引大 1 (数组下标从零开始的)
				left--;
				if(p2 != p1){
					printf("%3d",p2+1);
					left--;
				}
				a[p1] = a[p2] = 0;
				if(left)
					printf(",");	
			}
			printf("\n");
		}
		
		return 0;
	}

go函数每走一步都得到下一个位置
解析:至于下一个位置为什么是p = (p+n+d)%n.其实很简单。因为我们是一步步走的,所以只有两种边界情况。假设当前位置是p(0=<p<n),
第一种边界:p + 1 > n - 1,即 p + 1此时应该是到达0位置,但此时p + 1 = n,如果我们取余数,则 (p+1)%T = 0,T = n(T表示这个圆圈的周期大小)。
刚好能符合,又因为T = n,所以(P+T+1)%T还是不变的。
第二种边界: p - 1 < 0, 即 p - 1此时的值是-1,对于这种情况可以反过来看,它是向后退后1个单位,可以看成向前走T - 1个单位即p -1 等效于 p + T - 1
,我们要等到此时的位置,再去余,(P+T-1)%T。
对于情况一、二。可以归纳为(P+T+d)%T,当为顺时针是d取1,否则-1.


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用C++编写程序,实现以下问题2、题目ID Codes(POJ1146) Time Limit: 1000MS Memory Limit: 10000K 描述: It is 2084 and the year of Big Brother has finally arrived, albeit a century late. In order to exercise greater control over its citizens and thereby to counter a chronic breakdown in law and order, the Government decides on a radical measure--all citizens are to have a tiny microcomputer surgically implanted in their left wrists. This computer will contains all sorts of personal information as well as a transmitter which will allow people's movements to be logged and monitored by a central computer. (A desirable side effect of this process is that it will shorten the dole queue for plastic surgeons.) An essential component of each computer will be a unique identification code, consisting of up to 50 characters drawn from the 26 lower case letters. The set of characters for any given code is chosen somewhat haphazardly. The complicated way in which the code is imprinted into the chip makes it much easier for the manufacturer to produce codes which are rearrangements of other codes than to produce new codes with a different selection of letters. Thus, once a set of letters has been chosen all possible codes derivable from it are used before changing the set. For example, suppose it is decided that a code will contain exactly 3 occurrences of a', 2 of b' and 1 of c', then three of the allowable 60 codes under these conditions are: abaabc abaacb ababac These three codes are listed from top to bottom in alphabetic order. Among all codes generated with this set of characters, these codes appear consecutively in this order. Write a program to assist in the issuing of these identification codes. Your program will accept a sequence of no more than 50 lower case letters (which may contain repeated characters) and print the successor code if one exists or the message No Successor' if the given code is the last in the sequence for that set of characters. 输入: Input will consist of a series of lines each containing a string representing a code. The entire file will be terminated by a line consisting of a single #. 输出: Output will consist of one line for each code read containing the successor code or the words 'No Successor'. 样例输入 abaacb cbbaa # 样例输出 ababac No Successor
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05-22

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