(1)问题及代码:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle //交通工具
{
public:
void run() const
{ cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; }
};
class Car: public Vehicle //汽车
{
public:
void run() const
{ cout << "run a car. "<<endl; }
};
class Airplane: public Vehicle //飞机
{
public:
void run() const
{ cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl; }
};
int main()
{
cout<<"(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: "<<endl;
Vehicle v;
v.run();
Car car;
Airplane airplane;
car.run();
airplane.run();
cout<<"(b)用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: "<<endl;
Vehicle *vp;
vp=&car;
vp->run();
vp=&airplane;
vp->run();
return 0;
}
运行结果:
回答:
当基类的指针指向派生类时,用指针调用同名成员函数,执行的是基类的成员函数。
(2)问题及代码:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle //交通工具
{
public:
virtual void run() const
{ cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; }
};
class Car: public Vehicle //汽车
{
public:
void run() const
{ cout << "run a car. "<<endl; }
};
class Airplane: public Vehicle //飞机
{
public:
void run() const
{ cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl; }
};
int main()
{
cout<<"(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: "<<endl;
Vehicle v;
v.run();
Car car;
Airplane airplane;
car.run();
airplane.run();
cout<<"(b)用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: "<<endl;
Vehicle *vp;
vp=&car;
vp->run();
vp=&airplane;
vp->run();
return 0;
}
运行结果:
回答:
当基类的指针指向派生类时,用指针调用同名虚成员函数,执行的是派生类的成员函数,因为run是一个虚函数,动态多态性。
(3)问题及代码:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle //交通工具
{
public:
virtual void run() const=0;
//{ cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; }
};
class Car: public Vehicle //汽车
{
public:
void run() const
{ cout << "run a car. "<<endl; }
};
class Airplane: public Vehicle //飞机
{
public:
void run() const
{ cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl; }
};
int main()
{
cout<<"(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: "<<endl;
//Vehicle v;
//v.run();
Car car;
Airplane airplane;
car.run();
airplane.run();
cout<<"(b)用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: "<<endl;
Vehicle *vp;
vp=&car;
vp->run();
vp=&airplane;
vp->run();
return 0;
}
运行结果:
回答:
当基类同名成员函数定义为纯虚函数后,vehicle类就变成了抽象类。