Task1 论文数据统计

任务说明

• 任务主题：论文数量统计，即统计2019年全年计算机各个方向论文数量；
• 任务内容：赛题的理解、使用 Pandas 读取数据并进行统计；
• 任务成果：学习 Pandas 的基础操作；
• 可参考的学习资料：开源组织Datawhale joyful-pandas项目

数据集介绍

• 数据集来源：数据集链接；
• 或者使用2019年的数据：2019数据集
• 数据集的格式如下：
  • id：arXiv ID，可用于访问论文；
  • submitter：论文提交者；
  • authors：论文作者；
  • title：论文标题；
  • comments：论文页数和图表等其他信息；
  • journal-ref：论文发表的期刊的信息；
  • doi：数字对象标识符，https://www.doi.org；
  • report-no：报告编号；
  • categories：论文在 arXiv 系统的所属类别或标签；
  • license：文章的许可证；
  • abstract：论文摘要；
  • versions：论文版本；
  • authors_parsed：作者的信息。

"root":{
		"id":string"0704.0001"
		"submitter":string"Pavel Nadolsky"
		"authors":string"C. Bal\'azs, E. L. Berger, P. M. Nadolsky, C.-P. Yuan"
		"title":string"Calculation of prompt diphoton production cross sections at Tevatron and LHC energies"
		"comments":string"37 pages, 15 figures; published version"
		"journal-ref":string"Phys.Rev.D76:013009,2007"
		"doi":string"10.1103/PhysRevD.76.013009"
		"report-no":string"ANL-HEP-PR-07-12"
		"categories":string"hep-ph"
		"license":NULL
		"abstract":string"  A fully differential calculation in perturbative quantum chromodynamics is presented for the production of massive photon pairs at hadron colliders. All next-to-leading order perturbative contributions from quark-antiquark, gluon-(anti)quark, and gluon-gluon subprocesses are included, as well as all-orders resummation of initial-state gluon radiation valid at next-to-next-to leading logarithmic accuracy. The region of phase space is specified in which the calculation is most reliable. Good agreement is demonstrated with data from the Fermilab Tevatron, and predictions are made for more detailed tests with CDF and DO data. Predictions are shown for distributions of diphoton pairs produced at the energy of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Distributions of the diphoton pairs from the decay of a Higgs boson are contrasted with those produced from QCD processes at the LHC, showing that enhanced sensitivity to the signal can be obtained with judicious selection of events."
		"versions":[
				0:{
						"version":string"v1"
						"created":string"Mon, 2 Apr 2007 19:18:42 GMT"
					}
				1:{
						"version":string"v2"
						"created":string"Tue, 24 Jul 2007 20:10:27 GMT"
					}]
		"update_date":string"2008-11-26"
		"authors_parsed":[
				0:[
						0:string"Balázs"
						1:string"C."
						2:string""]
				1:[
						0:string"Berger"
						1:string"E. L."
						2:string""]
				2:[
						0:string"Nadolsky"
						1:string"P. M."
						2:string""]
				3:[
						0:string"Yuan"
						1:string"C. -P."
						2:string""]]
}

arxiv论文类别介绍

我们从arxiv官网，查询到论文的类别名称以及其解释如下。

链接：https://arxiv.org/help/api/user-manual 的 5.3 小节的 Subject Classifications 的部分，或 https://arxiv.org/category_taxonomy， 具体的153种paper的类别部分如下：

'astro-ph': 'Astrophysics',
'astro-ph.CO': 'Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics',
'astro-ph.EP': 'Earth and Planetary Astrophysics',
'astro-ph.GA': 'Astrophysics of Galaxies',
'cs.AI': 'Artificial Intelligence',
'cs.AR': 'Hardware Architecture',
'cs.CC': 'Computational Complexity',
'cs.CE': 'Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science',
'cs.CV': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition',
'cs.CY': 'Computers and Society',
'cs.DB': 'Databases',
'cs.DC': 'Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing',
'cs.DL': 'Digital Libraries',
'cs.NA': 'Numerical Analysis',
'cs.NE': 'Neural and Evolutionary Computing',
'cs.NI': 'Networking and Internet Architecture',
'cs.OH': 'Other Computer Science',
'cs.OS': 'Operating Systems',

具体代码实现以及讲解

导入package并读取原始数据

# 导入所需的package
import seaborn as sns #用于画图
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup #用于爬取arxiv的数据
import re #用于正则表达式，匹配字符串的模式
import requests #用于网络连接，发送网络请求，使用域名获取对应信息
import json #读取数据，我们的数据为json格式的
import pandas as pd #数据处理，数据分析
import numpy as np # 数据处理
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #画图工具

这里使用的package的版本如下（至少python 3.7.4）：

• seaborn：0.9.0
• BeautifulSoup：4.8.0
• requests：2.22.0
• json：0.8.5
• pandas：0.25.1
• matplotlib：3.1.1

import os
os.getcwd() # get当前路径

'D:\\jupyter_notebook\\Github\\datawhale数据分析_学术前沿趋势分析\\AcademicTrends'

# 读入数据
data  = []

#使用with语句优势：1.自动关闭文件句柄；2.自动显示（处理）文件读取数据异常
with open("./data/arxiv-metadata-oai-2019.json", 'r') as f: 
    for idx, line in enumerate(f): 
        
        # 读取前100行，如果读取所有数据需要8G内存
        if idx >= 100: # 如果idx=100 说明是第101行
            break # 跳出循环
        
        data.append(json.loads(line)) # line是每一条样本信息 字典格式，json.loads读取每一条样本信息，结果是字典
        # data：列表中每条样本是个字典形式
        
data = pd.DataFrame(data) #将list变为dataframe格式，方便使用pandas进行分析
data.shape #显示数据大小

(100, 14)

data.head() #显示数据的前五行

	id	submitter	authors	title	comments	journal-ref	doi	report-no	categories	license	abstract	versions	update_date	authors_parsed
0	0704.0297	Sung-Chul Yoon	Sung-Chul Yoon, Philipp Podsiadlowski and Step...	Remnant evolution after a carbon-oxygen white ...	15 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables, submitted to M...	None	10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12161.x	None	astro-ph	None	We systematically explore the evolution of t...	[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 3 Apr 2007...	2019-08-19	[[Yoon, Sung-Chul, ], [Podsiadlowski, Philipp,...
1	0704.0342	Patrice Ntumba Pungu	B. Dugmore and PP. Ntumba	Cofibrations in the Category of Frolicher Spac...	27 pages	None	None	None	math.AT	None	Cofibrations are defined in the category of ...	[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 3 Apr 2007...	2019-08-19	[[Dugmore, B., ], [Ntumba, PP., ]]
2	0704.0360	Zaqarashvili	T.V. Zaqarashvili and K Murawski	Torsional oscillations of longitudinally inhom...	6 pages, 3 figures, accepted in A&A	None	10.1051/0004-6361:20077246	None	astro-ph	None	We explore the effect of an inhomogeneous ma...	[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Tue, 3 Apr 2007...	2019-08-19	[[Zaqarashvili, T. V., ], [Murawski, K, ]]
3	0704.0525	Sezgin Ayg\"un	Sezgin Aygun, Ismail Tarhan, Husnu Baysal	On the Energy-Momentum Problem in Static Einst...	This submission has been withdrawn by arXiv ad...	Chin.Phys.Lett.24:355-358,2007	10.1088/0256-307X/24/2/015	None	gr-qc	None	This paper has been removed by arXiv adminis...	[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 4 Apr 2007...	2019-10-21	[[Aygun, Sezgin, ], [Tarhan, Ismail, ], [Baysa...
4	0704.0535	Antonio Pipino	Antonio Pipino (1,3), Thomas H. Puzia (2,4), a...	The Formation of Globular Cluster Systems in M...	32 pages (referee format), 9 figures, ApJ acce...	Astrophys.J.665:295-305,2007	10.1086/519546	None	astro-ph	None	The most massive elliptical galaxies show a ...	[{'version': 'v1', 'created': 'Wed, 4 Apr 2007...	2019-08-19	[[Pipino, Antonio, ], [Puzia, Thomas H., ], [M...

data.columns # 所有列名

Index(['id', 'submitter', 'authors', 'title', 'comments', 'journal-ref', 'doi'