ubuntu开发板视频播放黑屏 or 更新源 or 换源出现“E: 无法定位软件包xx“ or “目标xx被配置了多次“ 的解决办法

      开发板视频播放黑屏查看的原因是：系统中的终端上安装缺少的编解码器。这个问题我搞了两天，终于搞出来了，所以记录一下我遇到的问题和解决办法，以免后面需要~

1. 首先查看自己的ubuntu版本

利用    lsb_release -a  查看：

 然后根据Ubuntu版本选择所对应的清华源 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/：

2. 更新虚拟机软件源(无法定位软件包基本都是需要用换源）

找到源镜像，备份：终端输入

cd /etc/apt/                            // 切换到/etc/apt/ 目录下
sudo cp sources.list sources.list.old   // 先把源文件复制到sources.list.old，备份

然后进入源文件：

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

或者：

sudo vi sources.list

按 INS 键进行写入，将其之前的程序全部注释(或覆盖)。加入第一步复制的新源：

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

最后再添加

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse

添加以后按Esc键，然后输入：wq，按回车键退出

再利用下面命令进行更新换源：

sudo apt-get update

结果出现了下面”在 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-l4t-apt-source.list:14 和 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-l4t-apt-source.list:16 中被配置了多次“的问题

原因是sources.list.d的nvidia_14t-apt-source.list的第14行和第16行重复了，打开文件，删除配置重复的部分。

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-l4t-apt-source.list

按 INS 键删掉重复的第15行~18行，按Esc键，然后输入：wq，按回车键退出。

再重新更换源：

sudo apt-get update

3. 安装视频播放器解码器

（1）首先安装这个编码器

sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras

使用 Tab 键（左下角键盘向上数第4个） ，然后再使用 回车键 （ok）。(tab键之后会显示高亮）

然后再Tab键改成yes回车

（2）再安装一下这个编码器：

sudo apt install libdvdnav4 libdvd-pkg gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly libdvd-pkg

同样上面操作。

结束之后重启电脑。

（3）如果重启电脑，还是不行，可以考虑安装VLC编码器：

在root用户安装编码器：

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/master-daily # 添加PPA源
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc

如果是在nvidia用户里面安装VLC播放器：

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/master-daily # 添加PPA源
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc

会出现这个问题"下列软件包有未满足的依赖关系：":

解决办法：
破坏了什么依赖，就重新安装什么依赖就行了.

sudo apt install vlc-plugin-base (= 4.0.0~rc1~~git20231115+r99443+344~ubuntu20.04.1) 

最后重启电脑，到电脑的设置-默认应用程序-视频，选择VLC媒体播放器，再点开视频文件就可以播放了。

（4）如果还是不行，直接再网上安装了snap软件库

sudo snap install snap-store

然后在snap软件库安装VLC软件或mpv软件，成功散花！！！

最后在这里保存一下原来的源，以防后面用到。

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic universe
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates universe
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic multiverse
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner

deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security universe
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security multiverse
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security multiverse