python2.x捕获异常语法:
try:
...some functions...
except Exception, e:
print(e)
python3.x捕获异常语法:
try:
...some functions...
except Exception as e:
print(e)
注意这里 Exception, e 变成了 Exception as e
python常见的异常类型
1. NameError:尝试访问一个未申明的变量
>>> v
NameError: name 'v' is not defined
2. ZeroDivisionError:除数为0
>>> v = 1/0
ZeroDivisionError: int division or modulo by zero
3. SyntaxError:语法错误
int int
SyntaxError: invalid syntax (<pyshell#14>, line 1)
4. IndexError:索引超出范围
List = [2]
>>> List[3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#18>", line 1, in <module>
List[3]
IndexError: list index out of range
5. KeyError:字典关键字不存在
Dic = {'1':'yes', '2':'no'}
>>> Dic['3']
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#20>", line 1, in <module>
Dic['3']
KeyError: '3'
6. IOError:输入输出错误
>>> f = open('abc')
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'abc'
7. AttributeError:访问未知对象属性
>>> class Worker:
def Work():
print("I am working")
>>> w = Worker()
>>> w.a
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#51>", line 1, in <module>
w.a
AttributeError: 'Worker' object has no attribute 'a'
8.ValueError:数值错误
>>> int('d')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#54>", line 1, in <module>
int('d')
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'd'
9. TypeError:类型错误
>>> iStr = '22'
>>> iVal = 22
>>> obj = iStr + iVal;
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#68>", line 1, in <module>
obj = iStr + iVal;
TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly
10. AssertionError:断言错误
>>> assert 1 != 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#70>", line 1, in <module>
assert 1 != 1
AssertionError
11.MemoryError:内存耗尽异常
12. NotImplementedError:方法没实现引起的异常
class Base(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def action(self):
#抛出异常,说明该接口方法未实现
raise NotImplementedError
13. LookupError:键、值不存在引发的异常
LookupError异常是IndexError、KeyError的基类, 如果你不确定数据类型是字典还是列表时,可以用LookupError捕获此异常
14. StandardError 标准异常
除StopIteration, GeneratorExit, KeyboardInterrupt 和SystemExit外,其他异常都是StandarError的子类。
错误检测与异常处理区别在于:错误检测是在正常的程序流中,处理不可预见问题的代码,例如一个调用操作未能成功结束。