空间变换器网络
是对任何空间变换的差异化关注的概括。空间变换器网络(简称STN)允许神经网
络学习如何在输入图像上执行空间变换, 以增强模型的几何不变性。
例如,它可以裁剪感兴趣的区域,缩放并校正图像的方向。而这可能是一种有用的机制,因为CNN对于旋转和 缩放以及更一
般的仿射变换并不是不变的。
空间变换器网络归结为三个主要组成部分:
本地网络(Localisation Network)是常规CNN,其对变换参数进行回归。不会从该数据集中
明确地学习转换,而是网络自动学习增强 全局准确性的空间变换。
网格生成器( Grid Genator)在输入图像中生成与输出图像中的每个像素相对应的坐标网格。
采样器(Sampler)使用变换的参数并将其应用于输入图像
更多有关空间变换器网络的内容 :https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02025
STN的最棒的事情之一是能够简单地将其插入任何现有的CNN,而且只需很少的修改
导包
from __future__ import print_function
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
import torchvision
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.ion() # 交互模式
1、加载数据集
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,)),
])
train_data = datasets.MNIST(root='.',
train=True,
download=True,
transform= transform)
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
train_data,
batch_size = 64,
shuffle = True,
num_workers = 4)
test_data = datasets.MNIST(root='.',
train=False,
transform= transform)
# 测试数据集
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
test_data,
batch_size = 64,shuffle=True,num_workers=4)
2、 定义网络结构
# 定义网络结构
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1,10,kernel_size=5)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(10,20, kernel_size=5)
self.conv2_drop = nn.Dropout2d()
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(320, 50)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(50, 10)
# 空间变换器定位 -- 网络
self.localization = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(1, 8, kernel_size = 7),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, stride =2),
nn.ReLU(True),
nn.Conv2d(8,10, kernel_size = 5),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, stride=2),
nn.ReLU(True)
)
# 3*2 affine 矩阵的回归量
self.fc_loc = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(10*3*3, 32),
nn.ReLU(True),
nn.Linear(32, 3*2)
)
# 使用身份转换初始化权重 / 偏差
self.fc_loc[2].weight.data.zero_()
self.fc_loc[2].bias.data.copy_(torch.tensor([1,0,0,0,1,0],
dtype=torch.float))
# 空间变换器网络转发功能
def stn(self, x):
xs = self.localization(x)# 1--10
xs = xs.view(-1, 10*3*3)
theta = self.fc_loc(xs) # 90 -- 6
theta = theta.view(-1, 2, 3)
grid = F.affine_grid(theta, x.size())
x = F.grid_sample(x, grid)
return x
def forward(self, x):
# transform the input
x = self.stn(x)
# 执行一般的前进传递
x = F.relu(F.max_pool2d(self.conv1(x), 2))
x = F.relu(F.max_pool2d(self.conv2_drop(self.conv2(x)), 2))
x = x.view(-1, 320)
x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
x = F.dropout(x, training =self.training)
x = self.fc2(x)
return F.log_softmax(x, dim=1)
3、定义网络和优化器
model = Net().to(device)
# train model
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01)
4、训练模型
训练模型 现在我们使用 SGD(随机梯度下降)算法来训练模型。网络正在以有监督的方式学习分
类任务。同时,该模型以端到端的方式自动学习STN。
def train(epoch):
model.train()
for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
optimizer.zero_grad()
output = model(data)
loss = F.nll_loss(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
if batch_idx%500 ==0:
print('Train Epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)] \tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(
epoch, batch_idx*len(data), len(train_loader.dataset),
100. *batch_idx / len(train_loader),
loss.item()
))
5、测试函数
# 测试函数
def test():
with torch.no_grad():
model.eval()
test_loss = 0
correct = 0
for data, target in test_loader:
data , target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
output = model(data)
# 累加批量损失
test_loss += F.nll_loss(output, target, size_average=False).item()
# 获取最大对数概率的索引
pred = output.max(1, keepdim = True)[1]
correct += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()
test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
print('\n Test set: Average loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f} %))\n'
.format(test_loss, correct, len(test_loader.dataset),
100. * correct / len(test_loader.dataset)))
6 可视化
# 可视化 STN 结果
def convert_image_np(inp):
inp = inp.numpy().transpose((1,2,0))
mean = np.array([0.485, 0.456, 0.406])
std = np.array([0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
inp = std*inp +mean
inp = np.clip(inp, 0, 1)
return inp
# STN 可视化一批输入图像和相应变换批次
def visualize_stn():
with torch.no_grad():
data = next(iter(test_loader))[0].to(device)
input_tensor = data.cpu()
transformed_input_tensor = model.stn(data).cpu()
in_grid = convert_image_np(
torchvision.utils.make_grid(input_tensor))
out_grid = convert_image_np(
torchvision.utils.make_grid(transformed_input_tensor))
# Plot the results side-by_side
f, axarr= plt.subplots(1,2)
axarr[0].imshow(in_grid)
axarr[0].set_title("Dataset Images")
axarr[1].imshow(out_grid)
axarr[1].set_title("Transformed Images")
7、训练并显示结果
for epoch in range(1, 20+1):
train(epoch)
test()
plt.ioff()
plt.imshow()