OpenCvSharp函数：Threshold二值化、AdaptiveThreshold自适应二值化

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-05 16:28:50 发布

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分类专栏： OpenCvSharp函数文章标签：图像处理 opencv c# Powered by 金山文档

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/TyroneKing/article/details/129299684

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图像二值化

黑色(0)表示背景

白色(1-255)表示对象

Threshold二值化

//函数原型
double Threshold(InputArray src, 
    OutputArray dst, 
    double thresh, 
    double maxval, 
    ThresholdTypes type)

Threshold图像二值化
函数返回值：返回二值化的thresh，type为Ostu与Triangle时，计算得到，其它时与参数thresh一致
参数	说明
InputArray src	输入图像：8位或32位浮点型多通道（使用OTSU或TRIANGLE时，只能8位单通道）
OutputArray dst	输出图像：与输入图像相同的大小、类型和通道数
double thresh	阈值：type为Otsu或Triangle时，此参数忽略
double maxval	最大值
ThresholdTypes type	二值化类型：Ostu与Triangle可以其它组合使用

参数ThresholdTypes说明
取值	说明
Binary	src(x,y)>thresh时为maxval；否则为0
BinaryInv	src(x,y)>thresh时为0；否则为maxval
Trunc	src(x,y)>thresh时为thresh；否则为src(x,y)
Tozero	src(x,y)>thresh时为0；否则为src(x,y)
TozeroInv	src(x,y)>thresh时为src(x,y)；否则为0
Otsu	使用大津法计算thresh，再二值化
Triangle	使用三角法计算thresh，再二值化

各种ThresholdType结果示例

AdaptiveThreshold自适应二值化

//函数原型
void AdaptiveThreshold(InputArray src, 
    OutputArray dst, 
    double maxValue, 
    AdaptiveThresholdTypes adaptiveMethod, 
    ThresholdTypes thresholdType, 
    int blockSize, 
    double c)

AdaptiveThreshold自适应阈值
参数	说明
InputArray src	输入图像：8位单通道
OutputArray dst	输出图像：与输入图像相同的大小、类型和通道数
double maxValue	最大值：二值化后的最大值
AdaptiveThresholdTypes adaptiveMethod	适应方式
ThresholdTypes thresholdType	阈值类型：THRESH_BINARY 或 THRESH_BINARY_INV
int blockSize	块大小：大于等于3的奇数(经验值25?)
double c	C常量：用于平均值或加权平均值减去值，正负0均可(经验值10?)

源码示例

public void Run()
{
    using var src = Cv2.ImRead(ImagePath.LenaColor, ImreadModes.Grayscale);
    if (src.Empty()) throw new Exception("图像读取有误");

    using var dst = new Mat();
    double thresh = 127;
    double maxVal = 255;
    Cv2.Threshold(src, dst, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.Binary);
    Cv2.ImShow($"Threshold-Binary :{thresh}", dst);

    //计算图像的均值
    thresh = Cv2.Mean(src).ToDouble();
    Cv2.Threshold(src, dst, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.Binary);
    Cv2.ImShow($"Threshold-Binary:{thresh}", dst);

    //三角法：对直方图有一个峰的处理结果较优；第三个参数，不影响结果
    thresh = Cv2.Threshold(src, dst, 0, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.Triangle | ThresholdTypes.Binary);
    Cv2.ImShow($"Threshold-Triangle|Binary: {thresh}", dst);

    //大津法：对直方图有两个峰的处理结果较优；第三个参数，不影响结果
    thresh = Cv2.Threshold(src, dst, 0, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.Otsu | ThresholdTypes.Binary);
    Cv2.ImShow($"Threshold-Ostu|Binary: {thresh}", dst);

    Cv2.Threshold(src, dst, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.BinaryInv);
    Cv2.ImShow($"Threshold BinaryInv: {thresh}", dst);

    Cv2.Threshold(src, dst, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.Trunc);
    Cv2.ImShow($"Threshold Trunc: {thresh}", dst);

    Cv2.Threshold(src, dst, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.Tozero);
    Cv2.ImShow($"Threshold Tozero: {thresh}", dst);

    Cv2.Threshold(src, dst, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.TozeroInv);
    Cv2.ImShow($"Threshold TozeroInv: {thresh}", dst);

    var wName = "AdaptiveThreshold Demo";
    Cv2.NamedWindow(wName, WindowFlags.AutoSize);

    var tbBlockSize = "blockSize";
    var tbC = "C-255";
    var tbMaxValue = "maxValue";

    int blockSize = 25;
    int adaptiveC = 10 + 255;
    int maxvalue = 255;
    Cv2.CreateTrackbar(tbBlockSize, wName, ref blockSize, 255, tbOnChanged);
    Cv2.CreateTrackbar(tbC, wName, ref adaptiveC, 255 * 2, tbOnChanged);
    Cv2.CreateTrackbar(tbMaxValue, wName, ref maxvalue, 255, tbOnChanged);

    while (true)
    {
        if (Cv2.WaitKey(1) == (int)Keys.Escape) break;
        if (tbChanged)
        {
            if (blockSize % 2 == 0)//必须为正奇数
            {
                Cv2.SetTrackbarPos(tbBlockSize, wName, blockSize + 1);
                continue;
            }
            if (blockSize == 1) continue;//不能为1
            //GaussianC，
            Cv2.AdaptiveThreshold(src, dst, maxvalue, AdaptiveThresholdTypes.GaussianC, ThresholdTypes.Binary, blockSize, adaptiveC - 255);
            dst.PutText("GaussianC", new Point(30, 50), HersheyFonts.HersheySimplex, 0.8, Scalar.Black);
            Cv2.Line(dst, new Point(dst.Width - 1, 0), new Point(dst.Width - 1, dst.Height), Scalar.Black);

            //MeanC
            using var dst1 = new Mat();
            Cv2.AdaptiveThreshold(src, dst1, maxvalue, AdaptiveThresholdTypes.MeanC, ThresholdTypes.Binary, blockSize, adaptiveC - 255);
            dst1.PutText("MeanC", new Point(30, 50), HersheyFonts.HersheySimplex, 0.8, Scalar.Black);
            Cv2.HConcat(new[] { dst, dst1 }, dst);
            
            Cv2.ImShow(wName, dst);
            tbChanged = false;
        }
    }
    DrawThresholdTypesDemo();
    Cv2.WaitKey();
    Cv2.DestroyAllWindows();
}
private bool tbChanged = false;
private void tbOnChanged(int pos,IntPtr userData)
{
    tbChanged = true;
}


//二值化示例窗口名
private string winName = "ThresholdTypes Demo";
//当前阈值
private int thresh = 200;
//最大值
private int maxVal = 255;

/// <summary>
/// 生成各种二值化图例
/// </summary>
private void DrawThresholdTypesDemo()
{
    
    using (var srcMat = new Mat(1, 255, MatType.CV_8U, new Scalar(0)))
    {
        //初始待二值化图像
        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++)
        {
            srcMat.At<byte>(0, i) = (byte)(i * 2 + 150);
        }
        for (int i = 50; i < 170; i++)
        {
            srcMat.At<byte>(0, i) = (byte)(350 - i * 2);
        }
        for (int i = 170; i < 256; i++)
        {
            srcMat.At<byte>(0, i) = (byte)(i * 2.5 - 412);
        }
        Cv2.NamedWindow(winName, WindowFlags.AutoSize);
        Cv2.CreateTrackbar("thresh", winName, ref thresh, 255, OnChanged);
        Cv2.CreateTrackbar("maxVal", winName, ref maxVal, 255, OnChanged);

        while (true)
        {
            if (Cv2.WaitKey(50) == (int)Keys.Escape) break;
            if(posChanged) DrawDemo(srcMat);
        }
        Cv2.DestroyAllWindows();                
    }
}
/// <summary>
/// 示例各种二值化结果
/// </summary>
/// <param name="srcMat"></param>
private void DrawDemo(Mat srcMat)
{
    //不重新获取的话，滚动一会后会失效？
    thresh = Cv2.GetTrackbarPos("thresh", winName);
    maxVal = Cv2.GetTrackbarPos("maxVal", winName);
    using var thresholdMat = new Mat();

    int graphIndex = 0;//行高偏移系数

    var resultImg = new Mat(900, 1530, MatType.CV_8UC3, new Scalar(255, 255, 255));
    //待二值化数据
    DrawLine(resultImg, srcMat, graphIndex, thresh, maxVal, $"Origin,thresh={thresh}");

    graphIndex++;
    Cv2.Threshold(srcMat, thresholdMat, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.Binary);
    DrawLine(resultImg, thresholdMat, graphIndex, thresh, maxVal, $"Binary,thresh={thresh}");

    graphIndex++;
    Cv2.Threshold(srcMat, thresholdMat, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.BinaryInv);
    DrawLine(resultImg, thresholdMat, graphIndex, thresh, maxVal, $"BinaryInv,thresh={thresh}");

    graphIndex++;
    Cv2.Threshold(srcMat, thresholdMat, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.Trunc);
    DrawLine(resultImg, thresholdMat, graphIndex, thresh, maxVal, $"Trunc,thresh={thresh}");

    graphIndex++;
    Cv2.Threshold(srcMat, thresholdMat, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.TozeroInv);
    DrawLine(resultImg, thresholdMat, graphIndex, thresh, maxVal, $"TozeroInv,thresh={thresh}");

    graphIndex++;
    Cv2.Threshold(srcMat, thresholdMat, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.Tozero);
    DrawLine(resultImg, thresholdMat, graphIndex, thresh, maxVal, $"Tozero,thresh={thresh}");

    graphIndex++;
    var calcThresh = Cv2.Threshold(srcMat, thresholdMat, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.Otsu | ThresholdTypes.Binary);
    DrawLine(resultImg, thresholdMat, graphIndex, calcThresh, maxVal, $"Otsu,Binary,thresh={calcThresh}");

    graphIndex++;
    calcThresh = Cv2.Threshold(srcMat, thresholdMat, thresh, maxVal, ThresholdTypes.Triangle | ThresholdTypes.BinaryInv);
    DrawLine(resultImg, thresholdMat, graphIndex, calcThresh, maxVal, $"Triangle,BinaryInv,thresh={calcThresh}");

    Cv2.ImShow(winName, resultImg);
    posChanged = false;
}

/// <summary>
/// 绘制最大值、阈值及二值化结果
/// </summary>
/// <param name="resultImg">绘制结果</param>
/// <param name="thresholdMat">二值化图像</param>
/// <param name="graphIndex">最几个图例，用于控制绘图位置</param>
/// <param name="thresh">阈值</param>
/// <param name="maxVal">最大值</param>
/// <param name="text">提示文字</param>
private void DrawLine(Mat resultImg, Mat thresholdMat, int graphIndex, double thresh, double maxVal, string text)
{
    var graphWidth = resultImg.Width / 2;//分左右两列
    var graphHeight = 220;

    var binW = Math.Round((double)1D * (graphWidth - 100) / thresholdMat.Width, 2);
    var offsetX = (graphWidth - thresholdMat.Width * binW) / 2 + graphWidth * (graphIndex % 2);
    var binH = 0.5;
    var offsetY = graphIndex / 2 * graphHeight + 50;
    var thickness = 2;
    for (int i = 1; i < thresholdMat.Width; i++)
    {
        var pt1 = new Point2d(binW * (i - 1) + offsetX, binH * (255 - thresholdMat.At<byte>(0, i - 1)) + offsetY);
        var pt2 = new Point2d(binW * i + offsetX, binH * (255 - thresholdMat.At<byte>(0, i)) + offsetY);
        //二值线，黑色
        Cv2.Line(resultImg, (Point)pt1, (Point)pt2, Scalar.Black, thickness, LineTypes.AntiAlias);

        //分隔线
        if ((i - 1) % 25 == 0)
        {
            Cv2.Line(resultImg, new Point(binW * i + offsetX, offsetY), new Point(binW * i + offsetX, binH * 255 + offsetY), Scalar.LightGray);
        }
    }
    var x1 = offsetX;
    var x2 = offsetX + thresholdMat.Width * binW;
    //thresh阈值线，绿色
    Cv2.Line(resultImg, new Point(x1, binH * (255 - thresh) + offsetY),
                        new Point(x2, binH * (255 - thresh) + offsetY), Scalar.Green, 1);
    //maxVal最大阈值线，红色
    Cv2.Line(resultImg, new Point(x1, binH * (255 - maxVal) + offsetY),
                        new Point(x2, binH * (255 - maxVal) + offsetY), Scalar.Red, 1);
    //0值，蓝色
    Cv2.Line(resultImg, new Point(x1, binH * (255 - 0) + offsetY),
                        new Point(x2, binH * (255 - 0) + offsetY), Scalar.Blue, 1);

    Cv2.PutText(resultImg, text+ ",Red:maxval,Green:thresh,Blue:0,Black:result", new Point(offsetX, binH * 280 + offsetY), HersheyFonts.HersheySimplex, 0.5, Scalar.Black);
}

//滚动条是否变过
private bool posChanged = false;
private void OnChanged(int pos,IntPtr userData)
{
    posChanged = true;
}

OpenCvSharp函数示例目录

参考

https://edu.csdn.net/learn/37754/590662

https://docs.opencv.org/