Java的Inheritance继承
本文参考这里
- 一个类只能继承一个父类(a class cannot
extends
more than one class)。 - 一个类却可以实现多个接口(a class can
implements
one or more interfaces)
IS-A 关系
extends
:子类从父类那里继承除了private
外的属性。
public class Animal
{
}
public class Reptile extends Animal
{
}
public class Mammal extends Animal
{
}
public class Dog extends Mammal
{
}
/*
用面向对象术语表述:
Animal is the superclass of Reptile class.
Animal is the superclass of Mammal class.
Mammal and Reptile are subclasses of Animal class.
Dog is the subclass of both Mammal and Animal classes.
从 IS-A 的观点:
Reptile IS-A Animal
Mammal IS-A Animal
Dog IS-A Mammal
Hence: Dog IS-A Animal as well
*/
implements
:类去实现接口。Interfaces can never be extended by the classes.
public interface Animal {}
public class Mammal implements Animal //实现接口
{
}
public class Dog extends Mammal
{
}
instanceof
关键字
Dog d = new Dog();
System.out.println(d instanceof Animal); // 继承关系见上面
// 运行结果:
true
HAS-A 关系
public class Vehicle {}
public class Speed {}
public class Van extends Vehicle
{
private Speed sp; // 类Van HAS-A Speed
}
extends
继承
先调用父类构造函数,后调用子类构造函数的顺序
- 默认,则调用父类无参构造函数
- 用
super(..)
(放第一行)则显式调用父类构造函数。(另外,用super.member
可以调用父类的成员)
继承性
+、-、=、改
- 父类没有的,子类可以添加(+)
- 父类有的成员,子类可以得到并使用(=)
- 父类有的成员,子类可以重写(即覆盖)(改)
- 无-