HDU 6084 寻找母串（卡特兰数）

Description
对于一个串S，当它同时满足如下条件时，它就是一个01偏串：
1、只由0和1两种符组成；
2、在S的每一个前缀中，0的个数不超过1的个数；
3、S中0的个数和1的个数相等。

现在给定01偏串S，请计算一下S在所有长度为n的01偏串中作为子串出现的次数的总和。
由于结果比较大，结果对1e9+7取余后输出。

样例解释：
在第二个样例中，长度为4的偏串共两个1010，1100。10在1010中出现了两次，在1100中出现了1次。所以答案是3。
Input
第一行给出一个整数T(1<=T<=40),表示数据的数目。
每一组用例包含一个整数n和字符串S，中间用空格分开。(1<=|S|<=100000，1<=n<=1000000000)

输入保证S是一个01偏串。
Output
对于每一组数据，输出一个整数占一行，表示答案。
Sample Input
2
2 10
4 10
Sample Output
1
3
Solution

注意到一个包含$s$的$01$偏串在去掉$s$后也是一个$01$偏串，故只要统计长度为$n-|s|$的$01$偏串个数，然后再乘上$s$在这个$01$偏串中的位置$n-|s|+1$即为答案

长度为$2m$的$01$偏串个数即为第$m$个卡特兰数$\frac{1}{m+1}C_{2m}^{m}$

令$m=\frac{n-|s|}{2}$，则$ans=\frac{2m+1}{m+1}C_{2m}^{m}=\frac{2m+1}{m+1}\frac{(2m)!}{m!m!}=\frac{(2m+1)!}{m!(m+1)!}=C_{2m+1}^{m}$

此题模数很大，所以阶乘要打表预处理，令$f[i]=(10^{6}i)!$，则$n!=f[n/10^{6}]\prod\limits_{i=\lfloor \frac{n}{10^{6}}\rfloor \times10^{6}+1}^{n}i$

$O(10^{6})$算出$m!,(m+1)!,(2m+1)!$即得到答案

Code

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int mod=1000000007;
int f[]={1,641102369,578095319,5832229,259081142,974067448,316220877,690120224,251368199,
980250487,682498929,134623568,95936601,933097914,167332441,598816162,336060741,
248744620,626497524,288843364,491101308,245341950,565768255,246899319,968999,
586350670,638587686,881746146,19426633,850500036,76479948,268124147,842267748,
886294336,485348706,463847391,544075857,898187927,798967520,82926604,723816384,
156530778,721996174,299085602,323604647,172827403,398699886,530389102,294587621,
813805606,67347853,497478507,196447201,722054885,228338256,407719831,762479457,
746536789,811667359,778773518,27368307,438371670,59469516,5974669,766196482,
606322308,86609485,889750731,340941507,371263376,625544428,788878910,808412394,
996952918,585237443,1669644,361786913,480748381,595143852,837229828,199888908,
526807168,579691190,145404005,459188207,534491822,439729802,840398449,899297830,
235861787,888050723,656116726,736550105,440902696,85990869,884343068,56305184,
973478770,168891766,804805577,927880474,876297919,934814019,676405347,567277637,
112249297,44930135,39417871,47401357,108819476,281863274,60168088,692636218,
432775082,14235602,770511792,400295761,697066277,421835306,220108638,661224977,
261799937,168203998,802214249,544064410,935080803,583967898,211768084,751231582,
972424306,623534362,335160196,243276029,554749550,60050552,797848181,395891998,
172428290,159554990,887420150,970055531,250388809,487998999,856259313,82104855,
232253360,513365505,244109365,1559745,695345956,261384175,849009131,323214113,
747664143,444090941,659224434,80729842,570033864,664989237,827348878,195888993,
576798521,457882808,731551699,212938473,509096183,827544702,678320208,677711203,
289752035,66404266,555972231,195290384,97136305,349551356,785113347,83489485,
66247239,52167191,307390891,547665832,143066173,350016754,917404120,296269301,
996122673,23015220,602139210,748566338,187348575,109838563,574053420,105574531,
304173654,542432219,34538816,325636655,437843114,630621321,26853683,933245637,
616368450,238971581,511371690,557301633,911398531,848952161,958992544,925152039,
914456118,724691727,636817583,238087006,946237212,910291942,114985663,492237273,
450387329,834860913,763017204,368925948,475812562,740594930,45060610,806047532,
464456846,172115341,75307702,116261993,562519302,268838846,173784895,243624360,
61570384,481661251,938269070,95182730,91068149,115435332,495022305,136026497,
506496856,710729672,113570024,366384665,564758715,270239666,277118392,79874094,
702807165,112390913,730341625,103056890,677948390,339464594,167240465,108312174,
839079953,479334442,271788964,135498044,277717575,591048681,811637561,353339603,
889410460,839849206,192345193,736265527,316439118,217544623,788132977,618898635,
183011467,380858207,996097969,898554793,335353644,54062950,611251733,419363534,
965429853,160398980,151319402,990918946,607730875,450718279,173539388,648991369,
970937898,500780548,780122909,39052406,276894233,460373282,651081062,461415770,
358700839,643638805,560006119,668123525,686692315,673464765,957633609,199866123,
563432246,841799766,385330357,504962686,954061253,128487469,685707545,299172297,
717975101,577786541,318951960,773206631,306832604,204355779,573592106,30977140,
450398100,363172638,258379324,472935553,93940075,587220627,776264326,793270300,
291733496,522049725,579995261,335416359,142946099,472012302,559947225,332139472,
499377092,464599136,164752359,309058615,86117128,580204973,563781682,954840109,
624577416,895609896,888287558,836813268,926036911,386027524,184419613,724205533,
403351886,715247054,716986954,830567832,383388563,68409439,6734065,189239124,
68322490,943653305,405755338,811056092,179518046,825132993,343807435,985084650,
868553027,148528617,160684257,882148737,591915968,701445829,529726489,302177126,
974886682,241107368,798830099,940567523,11633075,325334066,346091869,115312728,
473718967,218129285,878471898,180002392,699739374,917084264,856859395,435327356,
808651347,421623838,105419548,59883031,322487421,79716267,715317963,429277690,
398078032,316486674,384843585,940338439,937409008,940524812,947549662,833550543,
593524514,996164327,987314628,697611981,636177449,274192146,418537348,925347821,
952831975,893732627,1277567,358655417,141866945,581830879,987597705,347046911,
775305697,125354499,951540811,247662371,343043237,568392357,997474832,209244402,
380480118,149586983,392838702,309134554,990779998,263053337,325362513,780072518,
551028176,990826116,989944961,155569943,596737944,711553356,268844715,451373308,
379404150,462639908,961812918,654611901,382776490,41815820,843321396,675258797,
845583555,934281721,741114145,275105629,666247477,325912072,526131620,252551589,
432030917,554917439,818036959,754363835,795190182,909210595,278704903,719566487,
628514947,424989675,321685608,50590510,832069712,198768464,702004730,99199382,
707469729,747407118,302020341,497196934,5003231,726997875,382617671,296229203,
183888367,703397904,552133875,732868367,350095207,26031303,863250534,216665960,
561745549,352946234,784139777,733333339,503105966,459878625,803187381,16634739,
180898306,68718097,985594252,404206040,749724532,97830135,611751357,31131935,
662741752,864326453,864869025,167831173,559214642,718498895,91352335,608823837,
473379392,385388084,152267158,681756977,46819124,313132653,56547945,442795120,
796616594,256141983,152028387,636578562,385377759,553033642,491415383,919273670,
996049638,326686486,160150665,141827977,540818053,693305776,593938674,186576440,
688809790,565456578,749296077,519397500,551096742,696628828,775025061,370732451,
164246193,915265013,457469634,923043932,912368644,777901604,464118005,637939935,
956856710,490676632,453019482,462528877,502297454,798895521,100498586,699767918,
849974789,811575797,438952959,606870929,907720182,179111720,48053248,508038818,
811944661,752550134,401382061,848924691,764368449,34629406,529840945,435904287,
26011548,208184231,446477394,206330671,366033520,131772368,185646898,648711554,
472759660,523696723,271198437,25058942,859369491,817928963,330711333,724464507,
437605233,701453022,626663115,281230685,510650790,596949867,295726547,303076380,
465070856,272814771,538771609,48824684,951279549,939889684,564188856,48527183,
201307702,484458461,861754542,326159309,181594759,668422905,286273596,965656187,
44135644,359960756,936229527,407934361,267193060,456152084,459116722,124804049,
262322489,920251227,816929577,483924582,151834896,167087470,490222511,903466878,
361583925,368114731,339383292,388728584,218107212,249153339,909458706,322908524,
202649964,92255682,573074791,15570863,94331513,744158074,196345098,334326205,
9416035,98349682,882121662,769795511,231988936,888146074,137603545,582627184,
407518072,919419361,909433461,986708498,310317874,373745190,263645931,256853930,
876379959,702823274,147050765,308186532,175504139,180350107,797736554,606241871,
384547635,273712630,586444655,682189174,666493603,946867127,819114541,502371023,
261970285,825871994,126925175,701506133,314738056,341779962,561011609,815463367,
46765164,49187570,188054995,957939114,64814326,933376898,329837066,338121343,
765215899,869630152,978119194,632627667,975266085,435887178,282092463,129621197,
758245605,827722926,201339230,918513230,322096036,547838438,985546115,852304035,
593090119,689189630,555842733,567033437,469928208,212842957,117842065,404149413,
155133422,663307737,208761293,206282795,717946122,488906585,414236650,280700600,
962670136,534279149,214569244,375297772,811053196,922377372,289594327,219932130,
211487466,701050258,398782410,863002719,27236531,217598709,375472836,810551911,
178598958,247844667,676526196,812283640,863066876,857241854,113917835,624148346,
726089763,564827277,826300950,478982047,439411911,454039189,633292726,48562889,
802100365,671734977,945204804,508831870,398781902,897162044,644050694,892168027,
828883117,277714559,713448377,624500515,590098114,808691930,514359662,895205045,
715264908,628829100,484492064,919717789,513196123,748510389,403652653,574455974,
77123823,172096141,819801784,581418893,15655126,15391652,875641535,203191898,
264582598,880691101,907800444,986598821,340030191,264688936,369832433,785804644,
842065079,423951674,663560047,696623384,496709826,161960209,331910086,541120825,
951524114,841656666,162683802,629786193,190395535,269571439,832671304,76770272,
341080135,421943723,494210290,751040886,317076664,672850561,72482816,493689107,
135625240,100228913,684748812,639655136,906233141,929893103,277813439,814362881,
562608724,406024012,885537778,10065330,60625018,983737173,60517502,551060742,
804930491,823845496,727416538,946421040,678171399,842203531,175638827,894247956,
538609927,885362182,946464959,116667533,749816133,241427979,871117927,281804989,
163928347,563796647,640266394,774625892,59342705,256473217,674115061,918860977,
322633051,753513874,393556719,304644842,767372800,161362528,754787150,627655552,
677395736,799289297,846650652,816701166,687265514,787113234,358757251,701220427,
607715125,245795606,600624983,10475577,728620948,759404319,36292292,491466901,
22556579,114495791,647630109,586445753,482254337,718623833,763514207,66547751,
953634340,351472920,308474522,494166907,634359666,172114298,865440961,364380585,
921648059,965683742,260466949,117483873,962540888,237120480,620531822,193781724,
213092254,107141741,602742426,793307102,756154604,236455213,362928234,14162538,
753042874,778983779,25977209,49389215,698308420,859637374,49031023,713258160,
737331920,923333660,804861409,83868974,682873215,217298111,883278906,176966527,
954913,105359006,390019735,10430738,706334445,315103615,567473423,708233401,
48160594,946149627,346966053,281329488,462880311,31503476,185438078,965785236,
992656683,916291845,881482632,899946391,321900901,512634493,303338827,121000338,
967284733,492741665,152233223,165393390,680128316,917041303,532702135,741626808,
496442755,536841269,131384366,377329025,301196854,859917803,676511002,373451745,
847645126,823495900,576368335,73146164,954958912,847549272,241289571,646654592,
216046746,205951465,3258987,780882948,822439091,598245292,869544707,698611116}; 
const int m=1000000;
int get(int n)
{
    if(n>=mod)return 0;
    int ans=f[n/m];
    for(int i=n/m*m+1;i<=n;i++)ans=(ll)ans*i%mod;
    return ans;
}
int mod_pow(int a,int b)
{
    int ans=1;
    while(b)
    {
        if(b&1)ans=(ll)ans*a%mod;
        a=(ll)a*a%mod;
        b>>=1;
    }
    return ans;
}
char s[m];
int main()
{
    int T,n;
    scanf("%d",&T);
    while(T--)
    {
        scanf("%d%s",&n,s);
        int len=strlen(s);
        n-=len;
        if(n<0||(n&1))
        {
            printf("0\n");
            continue;
        }
        n/=2;
        int a=get(2*n+1),b=(ll)get(n)*get(n+1)%mod;
        int ans=(ll)a*mod_pow(b,mod-2)%mod;
        printf("%d\n",ans);
    }
    return 0;
}