我们在使用c#托管代码时,内存地址和GC回收那不是我们关心的,CLR已经给我们暗箱操作。
但是如果我们在c#中调用了一个非托管代码,比如vc的DLL,而且他有个回调函数,需要引用c#中的某个对象并操作,
这时候你就得要小心了。
要是非托管代码中用到得托管代码那个对象被GC给回收了,这时候就会报内存错误。
所以我们就要把那个对象“钉”住(pin),让它的内存地址固定,而不被垃圾回收掉,然后最后我们自己管理,自己释放内存,这时候就需要GCHandle,来看个msdn上的例子:
- public delegate bool CallBack(int handle, IntPtr param);
- public class LibWrap
- {
- [DllImport("user32.dll")]
- public static extern bool EnumWindows(CallBack cb, IntPtr param);
- }
- class Program
- {
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- TextWriter tw = System.Console.Out;
- GCHandle gch = GCHandle.Alloc(tw);
- CallBack cewp = new CallBack(CaptureEnumWindowsProc);
- LibWrap.EnumWindows(cewp, (IntPtr)gch);
- gch.Free();
- Console.Read();
- }
- private static bool CaptureEnumWindowsProc(int handle, IntPtr param)
- {
- GCHandle gch = (GCHandle)param;
- TextWriter tw = (TextWriter)gch.Target;
- tw.WriteLine(handle);
- return true;
- }
- }
对上面的代码,略加解释:gch 会钉住(pin)tw这个对象,使其不受GC管理,告诉它,以后你崩管我,我也不用给你上税,其实管理权已经给gch,通过free来释放内存。
这种情况主要用在托管和非托管代码交互的时候,防止内存泄露来使用GCHandle。
另也可以使用GC.KeepAlive 方法(引用msdn)
KeepAlive 方法的目的是确保对对象的引用存在,该对象有被垃圾回收器过早回收的危险。这种现象可能发生的一种常见情形是,当在托管代码或数据中已没有对该对象的引用,但该对象仍然在非托管代码(如 Win32 API、非托管 DLL 或使用 COM 的方法)中使用。
下面是例子:
- using System;
- using System.Threading;
- using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
- // A simple class that exposes two static Win32 functions.
- // One is a delegate type and the other is an enumerated type.
- public class MyWin32
- {
- // Declare the SetConsoleCtrlHandler function
- // as external and receiving a delegate.
- [DllImport("Kernel32")]
- public static extern Boolean SetConsoleCtrlHandler(HandlerRoutine Handler,
- Boolean Add);
- // A delegate type to be used as the handler routine
- // for SetConsoleCtrlHandler.
- public delegate Boolean HandlerRoutine(CtrlTypes CtrlType);
- // An enumerated type for the control messages
- // sent to the handler routine.
- public enum CtrlTypes
- {
- CTRL_C_EVENT = 0,
- CTRL_BREAK_EVENT,
- CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT,
- CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT = 5,
- CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT
- }
- }
- public class MyApp
- {
- // A private static handler function in the MyApp class.
- static Boolean Handler(MyWin32.CtrlTypes CtrlType)
- {
- String message = "This message should never be seen!";
- // A switch to handle the event type.
- switch (CtrlType)
- {
- case MyWin32.CtrlTypes.CTRL_C_EVENT:
- message = "A CTRL_C_EVENT was raised by the user.";
- break;
- case MyWin32.CtrlTypes.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT:
- message = "A CTRL_BREAK_EVENT was raised by the user.";
- break;
- case MyWin32.CtrlTypes.CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT:
- message = "A CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT was raised by the user.";
- break;
- case MyWin32.CtrlTypes.CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT:
- message = "A CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT was raised by the user.";
- break;
- case MyWin32.CtrlTypes.CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT:
- message = "A CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT was raised by the user.";
- break;
- }
- // Use interop to display a message for the type of event.
- Console.WriteLine(message);
- return true;
- }
- public static void Main()
- {
- // Use interop to set a console control handler.
- MyWin32.HandlerRoutine hr = new MyWin32.HandlerRoutine(Handler);
- MyWin32.SetConsoleCtrlHandler(hr, true);
- // Give the user some time to raise a few events.
- Console.WriteLine("Waiting 30 seconds for console ctrl events");
- // The object hr is not referred to again.
- // The garbage collector can detect that the object has no
- // more managed references and might clean it up here while
- // the unmanaged SetConsoleCtrlHandler method is still using it.
- // Force a garbage collection to demonstrate how the hr
- // object will be handled.
- GC.Collect();
- GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
- GC.Collect();
- Thread.Sleep(10000);
- // Display a message to the console when the unmanaged method
- // has finished its work.
- Console.WriteLine("Finished!");
- // Call GC.KeepAlive(hr) at this point to maintain a reference to hr.
- // This will prevent the garbage collector from collecting the
- // object during the execution of the SetConsoleCtrlHandler method.
- GC.KeepAlive(hr);
- Console.Read();
- }
- }