前言:综合了各位大大的Base64说明,但是原文都已经找不到了,见谅。
Base64 编码
base64经常是为了用可见文本传输不可见二进制数据的。window对象自带atob方法与btoa方法支持base64解码与编码。但是该方法不支持中文。btoa方法只支持ASCII编码。所以一般用其他方法线转化一下中文再解码。
一、借助encodeURIComponent和decodeURIComponent转译中文字符
encodeURIComponent()能够将中文转换魏ASCII字符序列。
// 编码
window.btoa(encodeURIComponent('中文'))
// 解码
decodeURIComponent(window.atob('JUU0JUI4JUFEJUU2JTk2JTg3'))
二、UTF-8与UTF-16转译
PHP有一对函数:base64_encode()与base64_decode(),这对函数不管输入文本的编码是什么,都会按照规则进行Base64编码。
如果想得到utf-8编码下的Base64对应值,就必须保证输入的文本是utf-8编码的。
** JavaScript内部的字符串,都以utf-16的形式保存,因此编码的时候,久必须将utf-8的值转成utf-16,解码后也要将utf-16的值转回utf-8 **
function utf16to8(str) {
var out, i, len, c;
out = "";
len = str.length;
for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
c = str.charCodeAt(i);
if ((c >= 0x0001) && (c <= 0x007F)) {
out += str.charAt(i);
} else if (c > 0x07FF) {
out += String.fromCharCode(0xE0 | ((c >> 12) & 0x0F));
out += String.fromCharCode(0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F));
out += String.fromCharCode(0x80 | ((c >> 0) & 0x3F));
} else {
out += String.fromCharCode(0xC0 | ((c >> 6) & 0x1F));
out += String.fromCharCode(0x80 | ((c >> 0) & 0x3F));
}
}
return out;
}
function utf8to16(str) {
var out, i, len, c;
var char2, char3;
out = "";
len = str.length;
i = 0;
while(i < len) {
c = str.charCodeAt(i++);
switch(c >> 4)
{
case 0: case 1: case 2: case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7:
// 0xxxxxxx
out += str.charAt(i-1);
break;
case 12: case 13:
// 110x xxxx 10xx xxxx
char2 = str.charCodeAt(i++);
out += String.fromCharCode(((c & 0x1F) << 6) | (char2 & 0x3F));
break;
case 14:
// 1110 xxxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx
char2 = str.charCodeAt(i++);
char3 = str.charCodeAt(i++);
out += String.fromCharCode(((c & 0x0F) << 12) |
((char2 & 0x3F) << 6) |
((char3 & 0x3F) << 0));
break;
}
}
return out;
}
function base64encode(str) {
var out, i, len;
var c1, c2, c3;
len = str.length;
i = 0;
out = "";
while(i < len) {
c1 = str.charCodeAt(i++) & 0xff;
if(i == len){
out += base64EncodeChars.charAt(c1 >> 2);
out += base64EncodeChars.charAt((c1 & 0x3) << 4);
out += "==";
break;
}
c2 = str.charCodeAt(i++);
if(i == len){
out += base64EncodeChars.charAt(c1 >> 2);
out += base64EncodeChars.charAt(((c1 & 0x3)<< 4) | ((c2 & 0xF0) >> 4));
out += base64EncodeChars.charAt((c2 & 0xF) << 2);
out += "=";
break;
}
c3 = str.charCodeAt(i++);
out += base64EncodeChars.charAt(c1 >> 2);
out += base64EncodeChars.charAt(((c1 & 0x3)<< 4) | ((c2 & 0xF0) >> 4));
out += base64EncodeChars.charAt(((c2 & 0xF) << 2) | ((c3 & 0xC0) >>6));
out += base64EncodeChars.charAt(c3 & 0x3F);
}
return out;
}
function base64decode(str) {
var c1, c2, c3, c4;
var i, len, out;
len = str.length;
i = 0;
out = "";
while(i < len) {
/* c1 */
do {
c1 = base64DecodeChars[str.charCodeAt(i++) & 0xff];
} while(i < len && c1 == -1);
if(c1 == -1)
break;
/* c2 */
do {
c2 = base64DecodeChars[str.charCodeAt(i++) & 0xff];
} while(i < len && c2 == -1);
if(c2 == -1)
break;
out += String.fromCharCode((c1 << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4));
/* c3 */
do {
c3 = str.charCodeAt(i++) & 0xff;
if(c3 == 61)
return out;
c3 = base64DecodeChars[c3];
} while(i < len && c3 == -1);
if(c3 == -1)
break;
out += String.fromCharCode(((c2 & 0XF) << 4) | ((c3 & 0x3C) >> 2));
/* c4 */
do {
c4 = str.charCodeAt(i++) & 0xff;
if(c4 == 61)
return out;
c4 = base64DecodeChars[c4];
} while(i < len && c4 == -1);
if(c4 == -1)
break;
out += String.fromCharCode(((c3 & 0x03) << 6) | c4);
}
return out;
}
// 编码
sEncoded=base64encode(utf16to8(str));
// 解码
sDecoded=utf8to16(base64decode(sEncoded));