生产者消费者问题

1.使用传统synchronized

public class pc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data data=new Data();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"A").start();

        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"B").start();
      
    }

}
class Data{
    private int number=0;
    public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        while(number!=0){
            this.wait();
        }
        number++;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
        this.notifyAll();
    }
    public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        while(number==0){
            this.wait();
        }
        number--;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
        this.notifyAll();
    }
}

运行结果

2.使用lock方式

public class cp2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data data=new Data();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"C").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"D").start();
    }
}
class Data2{
    private int number=0;
    Lock lock=new ReentrantLock();
    Condition condition=lock.newCondition();

    public void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try{
            while(number!=0){
                condition.await();
            }
            number++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
            condition.signalAll();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }
    public void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try{
            while(number==0){
                condition.await();
            }
            number--;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
            condition.signalAll();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

运行结果

以上分别用了两种方式
第一种是synchronized通过wait和notify进行线程之间通信
第二种是通过lock 的condition接口，其await和signal和第一种方式的wait，notify相对应
二者区别：

condition在使用时可以通过创建多个监视器完成精准通知，通俗的解释为让谁醒就谁醒

public class pc3 {



    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data3 data3=new Data3();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data3.printA();
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data3.printB();
            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data3.printC();
            }
        },"C").start();
    }
}
class Data3{
    private int number=1;
    Lock lock=new ReentrantLock();
    Condition condition1=lock.newCondition();
    Condition condition2=lock.newCondition();
    Condition condition3=lock.newCondition();
    public void printA(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while(number!=1) {
                condition1.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==>AAAAAA");
            number=2;//当为number不为1的时候await，否则继续往下走，2赋值给number并唤醒condition2, 3个condition循环唤醒
            condition2.signal();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }
    public void printB(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while(number!=2) {
                condition2.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==>BBBBBB");
            number=3;
            condition3.signal();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }
    public void printC(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while(number!=3) {
                condition3.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==>CCCCC");
            number=1;
            condition1.signal();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }
}

运行结果

可以看到输出是非常规律有序的按照ABC的唤醒顺序输出，也就是所谓精准唤醒