Android音频驱动-ASOC之PCM Write

调用write函数实现把数据写到设备里面去，这里会触发trigger函数也就是DMA的启动。
用户层的write到内核里面都是通过ioctl来做的，这里面会触发trigger函数的执行，等trigger执行完以后，
才会真正调用函数把用户层的东西copy到dma分配的空间，其中函数snd_pcm_lib_write1非常复杂，这里面有同步的操作，
也就是要等到有空余的空间的时候才允许写，否则就要等待，唤醒是通过函数snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr_post来做的，
这个函数会在DMA传输完一帧的中断到来的时候被调用，用来更新缓冲区指针。

对于回放的情形，PCM 数据流向大致是：

        copy_from_user           DMA                 I2S           DAC
              ^                   ^                   ^             ^
+---------+   |    +----------+   |   +-----------+   |   +-----+   |   +------+
|userspace+-------->DMA Buffer+------->I2S TX FIFO+------->CODEC+------->SPK/HP|
+---------+        +----------+       +-----------+       +-----+       +------+

ALSA的Write流程
snd_pcm_playback_ioctl => snd_pcm_playback_ioctl1 => SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_WRITEN_FRAMES =>
snd_pcm_lib_writev => snd_pcm_lib_write1 => |||| => snd_pcm_lib_write_transfer => copy_from_user [copy user speace data to dma]
snd_pcm_start => snd_pcm_action => snd_pcm_action_group => snd_pcm_do_start => substream->ops->trigger

// external/tinyalsa/pcm.c，用户层通过ioctl的方式来调用kernel
int pcm_write(struct pcm *pcm, const void *data, unsigned int count)
{
    struct snd_xferi x;

    if (pcm->flags & PCM_IN)
        return -EINVAL;

    x.buf = (void*)data;
    x.frames = count / (pcm->config.channels *
                        pcm_format_to_bits(pcm->config.format) / 8);

    for (;;) {
        if (!pcm->running) {
            int prepare_error = pcm_prepare(pcm);
            if (ioctl(pcm->fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_WRITEI_FRAMES, &x))//写入初始化数据
                return oops(pcm, errno, "cannot write initial data");
            pcm->running = 1;//写入初始化之后设置标致位
            return 0;
        }
        if (ioctl(pcm->fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_WRITEI_FRAMES, &x)) {
  //写入普通pcm数据
            pcm->prepared = 0;//如果写入失败，则重置
            pcm->running = 0;//如果写入失败，则重置
            if (errno == EPIPE) {
                pcm->underruns++;
                if (pcm->flags & PCM_NORESTART)
                    return -EPIPE;
                continue;
            }
            return oops(pcm, errno, "cannot write stream data");
        }
        return 0;
    }
}
// kernel-3.18/sound/core/pcm_native.c，kernel层的实现
// 在内核中发起系统调用,执行本应用户空间发起调用的fops函数集,完成参数设置任务
/*const struct file_operations snd_pcm_f_ops[2] = {
    {
        .owner =        THIS_MODULE,
        .write =        snd_pcm_write,
        .aio_write =        snd_pcm_aio_write,
        .open =         snd_pcm_playback_open,
        .release =      snd_pcm_release,
        .llseek =       no_llseek,
        .poll =         snd_pcm_playback_poll,
        .unlocked_ioctl =   snd_pcm_playback_ioctl,//pcm文件的ioctl函数
        .compat_ioctl =     snd_pcm_ioctl_compat,
        .mmap =         snd_pcm_mmap,
        .fasync =       snd_pcm_fasync,
        .get_unmapped_area =    snd_pcm_get_unmapped_area,
    },
    {
        .owner =        THIS_MODULE,
        .read =         snd_pcm_read,
        .aio_read =     snd_pcm_aio_read,
        .open =         snd_pcm_capture_open,
        .release =      snd_pcm_release,
        .llseek =       no_llseek,
        .poll =         snd_pcm_capture_poll,
        .unlocked_ioctl =   snd_pcm_capture_ioctl,
        .compat_ioctl =     snd_pcm_ioctl_compat,
        .mmap =         snd_pcm_mmap,
        .fasync =       snd_pcm_fasync,
        .get_unmapped_area =    snd_pcm_get_unmapped_area,
    }
};*/
 static long snd_pcm_playback_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
                   unsigned long arg)
{
    struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;

    pcm_file = file->private_data;

    if (((cmd >> 8) & 0xff) != 'A')
        return -ENOTTY;

    return snd_pcm_playback_ioctl1(file, pcm_file->substream, cmd,
                       (void __user *)arg);
}
static int snd_pcm_playback_ioctl1(struct file *file,
                   struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                   unsigned int cmd, void __user *arg)
{
    if (snd_BUG_ON(!substream))
        return -ENXIO;