Address类型和Mapping 类型

Address类型被广泛的用在以太坊的合约代码中，也是智能合约和一般代码最大的不同
一般来说有这些用法
1. Address a = msg.sender //谁调用合约
2. Address b = this               //当前合约的地址
Address类型的方法：
1. Balance
2. Transfer
 

Mapping是一种Hashtable，由一个key对应一个value

定义方式主要常见的有

•       Mapping (bytes32 => uint) a;

•       Mapping (address => uint) b;

一般怎么用Mapping？（address=>数据类型）用户注册、金额纪录

 

代码示例一：

Step 1: 首先是定义一个mapping(bytes32=>uint) public balances

pragma solidity 0.4.10;

contract demo{

    mapping (bytes32 => uint)public balances;

}

Step 2: 添加一个构造函数

pragma solidity 0.4.10;

contract demo{

    mapping (bytes32 => uint)public balances;

    function demo() {

        balances["steve"]= 100;

        balances["nathan"]= 1000;

    }

}

Step 3: 添加一个方法 Add()

    function add(bytes32 usr,uintamount) {

        balances[usr] += amount;

    }

Step 4: 添加一个 update()

    function update(bytes32 usr,uint amount) {

        balances[usr] = amount;

    }

Step 5: 添加一个 del()

    function del(bytes32 usr) {

        balances[usr] = 0;

    }

示例2：

  

我们通过mapping (bytes32 => uint) public balances; 实现了一个简单的mapping的hashtable. 但这样的hashTable无法部署在geth上面，也无法完成互相之间的代币转化。

撰写一个简单的合约

• Step 1: 创建一个基础合约

pragma solidity 0.4.7;

contract Coin {
    address public minter;
    mapping (address => uint) public balances;
}

这里我们定义了一个address 作为key, uint做为value的hashTable balances; 我们还定义了一个address的变量minter;

• Step 2: 添加一个构造函数Coin()

    function Coin() {
        minter = msg.sender;
    }

这里的代码minter = msg.sender; 代表创建这个合约的账户地址，被赋值给变量minter.

• Step 3: 添加一个挖矿合约

    function mint(address receiver, uint amount) {
        if (msg.sender != minter) throw;
        balances[receiver] += amount;
    }
  

这里的核心代码在于，如果调用这个方法的账户，不是minter, 也就是创建合约的账户的话，这个mint()将无法被执行。 只有是创建合约的账户，也就是minter 才可以执行它

• Step 4: 添加一个function send() 也就是从A转移X代币到B账户。代码如下：

    function send(address receiver, uint amount) {
        if (balances[msg.sender] < amount) return;
        balances[msg.sender] -= amount;
        balances[receiver] += amount;
    }
  

这个非常简单的转移货币的代码，也就是说msg.sender减少一定代币，接受者receiver增加一定代币

• Step 5: 定义一个事件 Sent()

    event Sent(address from, address to, uint amount);
  
    function send(address receiver, uint amount) {
        if (balances[msg.sender] < amount) return;
        balances[msg.sender] -= amount;
        balances[receiver] += amount;
        Sent(msg.sender, receiver, amount);
    }
  

完整代码如下：

pragma solidity 0.4.7;

contract Coin {
    address public minter;
    mapping (address => uint) public balances;

    event Sent(address from, address to, uint amount);

    function Coin() {
        minter = msg.sender;
    }

    function mint(address receiver, uint amount) {
        if (msg.sender != minter) throw;
        balances[receiver] += amount;
    }

    function send(address receiver, uint amount) {
        if (balances[msg.sender] < amount) return;
        balances[msg.sender] -= amount;
        balances[receiver] += amount;
        Sent(msg.sender, receiver, amount);
    }
}