Spring的基本Ioc操作

applicationContext.xml头文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation=
        "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
        </beans>

Maven:pom.xml文件所需依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

配置bean,向bean中注入不同型属性,自动装配

• java实体类

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    
    @Autowired//自动装配IOC容器中 存在的 (根据id(autowire="byType"-再->autowire="byName" )注入)
    // Car属性 也可以加到set方法上
    //required = false属性默认为true 表示不能为空 false表示可为空
    @Qualifier(value = "cars")//当bean中有多个相同type时  配和Qualifier使用 指定bean的id
    private Car car;//同时也可使用Java原生注解@Resource(name=""),type=""实现自动装配,
                    // 但不如spring注解便于理解(type->name)
    
    private List<String> love;
    private Map<String,String> account;
    private Set<String> pwd;
    private String[] sss;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String[] getSss() {
        return sss;
    }

    public void setSss(String[] sss) {
        this.sss = sss;
    }

    public User(String name, int age, Car car, List<String> love, Map<String, String> account, Set<String> pwd, String[] sss) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.car = car;
        this.love = love;
        this.account = account;
        this.pwd = pwd;
        this.sss = sss;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Car getCar() {
        return car;
    }

    public void setCar(Car car) {
        this.car = car;
    }

    public List<String> getLove() {
        return love;
    }

    public void setLove(List<String> love) {
        this.love = love;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getAccount() {
        return account;
    }

    public void setAccount(Map<String, String> account) {
        this.account = account;
    }

    public Set<String> getPwd() {
        return pwd;
    }

    public void setPwd(Set<String> pwd) {
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", car=" + car +
                ", love=" + love +
                ", account=" + account +
                ", pwd=" + pwd +
                ", sss=" + Arrays.toString(sss) +
                '}';
    }

• xml文件

<!--bean参数:scope
 scope="singleton"单例模式 get到的bean是同一个  scope="prototype" 非单例(原型模式)get到的bean 是不同的
  autowire="byType" 自动根据类型装配-->
    <!--开启注解支持-->
    <context:annotation-config/>
    <!--配置基本类型的bean,配置集合型的bean,配置自定义类型的bean-->
    <bean id="cars" class="com.xzb.entity.Car"><!--基本类型-->
        <property name="cname" value="方程式"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="user" class="com.xzb.entity.User" autowire="byType"><!--property使用set方法,且需要无参构造器-->
        <property name="name" value="???"/>
        <property name="age" value="12"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="user0" class="com.xzb.entity.User"><!--此处的car属性被注解方式自动装配了-->
        <property name="name">
            <null/> <!--赋空值-->
        </property><!--property使用set方法,且需要无参构造器-->
        <property name="age" value="12"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="user2" class="com.xzb.entity.User">
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="bbb"/><!--constructor-arg需要使用有参构造器-->
        <constructor-arg name="age" value="15"/>
        <constructor-arg name="car" ref="cars"/>
        <constructor-arg name="love">
            <list><!--list类型-->
                <value>唱跳</value>
                <value>篮球</value>
            </list>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg name="account">
            <map><!--map类型-->
                <entry key="s" value="ss"/>
            </map>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg name="pwd">
            <set><!--set类型-->
                <value>hh</value>
            </set>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg name="sss">
            <array><!--数组类型-->
                <value>ss</value>
                <value>sss</value>
            </array>
        </constructor-arg>
        <!--<constructor-arg name="实体类中的Properties类型属性">对应Properties类型
            <props>
                <prop key="key">value</prop>
            </props>
        </constructor-arg>-->
    </bean>

• 测试类

public class Test 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        //通过new方式创建对象
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("红红");
        user.setAge(18);
        System.out.println(user.getName() +"--"+ user.getAge());
        System.out.println("===========================================================");
        //读入applicationContext.xml配置文件,并获取ApplicationContext对象
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //通过ApplicationContext对象获取配置的bean,实现获取对象
        User usersp = (User)ac.getBean("user");
        usersp.setName("小兰");
        usersp.setAge(20);
        System.out.println(usersp);
        System.out.println("===========================================================");
        
        User usersp0 = (User)ac.getBean("user0");
        System.out.println(usersp0);
        User usersp2 = (User)ac.getBean("user2");
        System.out.println(usersp2);
    }
}

• @Autowired :自动装配通过类型。名字如果Autowired不能唯一 自动装配上属性，则需通过@Qualifier(value=" xxx")
• @Nullable :字段标记 了这个注解，说明这个字段可以为nu1l;
• @Resource : 自动装配通过名字。类型。