C++标准输入输出流stream介绍

This chapter begins by giving you more insight into the features provided by the << and >> operators. It then moves on to introduce the notion of data files and shows you how to implement file-processing applications.

<< >>用于窗口的输入输出。

包含的头文件是istream 和ostream

还有文件的输入输出，包含的头文件是ifstream 和ofstream

下面举一个例子，表示文件的操作。

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;
string promptUserForFile(ifstream &infile, string prompt = "")
{
    while (true) {
        cout << prompt;
        string filename;
        getline(cin, filename);
        infile.open(filename.c_str());
        if (!infile.fail()) return filename;
        infile.clear();
        cout << "Unable to open that file. Try again." << endl;
        if (prompt == "") prompt = "Input file: ";
    }
}

int ma