10月22日学习总结

10月22日学习总结

一、通过Cookie向服务器亮明身份，破解封禁IP地址的反爬手段

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Cookeie是服务器向浏览器写入的临时数据，很多时候被用于用户跟踪（记住这个用户是谁）

![img](file:///C:\Users\wby\Documents\Tencent Files\1735651388\Image\Group2{B\06{B06O@2YLI7X69U9KKD~Q.jpg)

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import re
import time

import requests
from requests.cookies import RequestsCookieJar

cookie_jar = RequestsCookieJar()
cookie_str = 'Cookie'
for item in cookie_str.split('; '):
	key, value = item.split('=', maxsplit=1)
	cookie_jar.set(key,value)
	
for page in range(6):
	resp = requests.get(
		url=f'https://movie.douban.com/top250',
		params={
			'start':page*25
			'filter'=''
		},
		headers={
			'Accept-Language':'~',
			'User-Agent':'~'
		},
		cookies=cookie_jar
	)
	    if resp.status_code == 200:
        titles = re.findall(r'<span class="title">([^&;]*?)</span>', resp.text)
        ratings = re.findall(r'<span class="rating_num" property="v:average">(.*?)</span>', resp.text)
        mottos = re.findall(r'<span class="inq">(.*?)</span>', resp.text)
        for title, rating, motto in zip(titles, ratings, mottos):
            print('名称:', title)
            print('评分:', rating)
            print('名句:', motto)
            print('-' * 50)
    time.sleep(2)

二、通过使用代理服务器访问豆瓣网，破解封禁IP的反爬手段

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商业IP代理 —> 蘑菇代理，芝麻代理、快代理、讯代理

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import requests

resp = requests.get(
    url='~'
)
print(resp.json())

import random
import re

import requests

proxies_list = ['port':'~','ip':'~']

for page in range(6):
	proxy_dict = random.choice(proxies_list)
	print(pro_dict)
	resp = requests.get(
       url=f'https://movie.douban.com/top250',
       params={
           'start': page * 25,
           'filter': ''
       },
       headers={
           'Accept-Language': '~',
           'User-Agent': '~',
       },
       proxies={
           'http': f'http://{proxy_dict["ip"]}:{proxy_dict["port"]}',
            'https': f'http://{proxy_dict["ip"]}:{proxy_dict["port"]}',
       },
       timeout=5,
       verify=False
    )
    print(resp.status_code)
    if resp.status_code == 200:
        titles = re.findall(r'<span class="title">([^&;]*?)</span>', resp.text)
        ratings = re.findall(r'<span class="rating_num" property="v:average">(.*?)</span>', resp.text)
        mottos = re.findall(r'<span class="inq">(.*?)</span>', resp.text)
        for title, rating, motto in zip(titles, ratings, mottos):
            print('名称:', title)
            print('评分:', rating)
            print('名句:', motto)
            print('-' * 50)
	

三、CSS(层叠样式表)选择器解析页面

库的准备：pip install beautifulsoup4

soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(html_code, ‘html.parser’)

soup.select(‘selector’) —>[Tag]

soup.select_one(‘selector’) —>Tag—>text / attrs

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import bs4
import requests
from bs4 import Tag

resp = requests.get('https://www.sohu.com')
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(resp.text, 'lxml')
anchors_list = soup.select('a[title]')
for anchor in anchors_list:  # type: Tag
    print(anchor.attrs['href'])
    print(anchor.attrs['title'])
print(len(anchors_list))

import bs4
import requests

for page in range(6):
    resp = requests.get(
        url=f'https://movie.douban.com/top250',
        params={
            'start': page * 25,
            'filter': ''
        },
        headers={
            'Accept-Language': '~',
            'User-Agent': '~',
        },
        proxies={
            'http': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:1086',
            'https': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:1086',
        }
    )
    print(resp.status_code)
    if resp.status_code == 200:
        soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(resp.text, 'html.parser')
        title_spans = soup.select('div.hd > a > span.title:nth-child(1)')
        rating_spans = soup.select('div.bd > div > span.rating_num')
        motto_spans = soup.select('div.bd > p.quote > span')
        for title_span, rating_span, motto_span in zip(title_spans, rating_spans, motto_spans):
            print(title_span.text)
            print(rating_span.text)
            print(motto_span.text)
            print('-' * 50)
(title_spans, rating_spans, motto_spans):
            print(title_span.text)
            print(rating_span.text)
            print(motto_span.text)
            print('-' * 50)