并发编程——不可变类

目录

一、日期转换问题

解决

二、不可变类String 

final的特点

保护性拷贝

三、享元模式

体现 

享元模式之自定义连接池

四、无状态 

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一、日期转换问题

一般使用的最多的是SimpleDateFormat，但是因为是不可变类，在多个线程操作共享变量的时候内部的数据会改变，造成线程安全问题，接下来看一下测试案例。

SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
     for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {//运行10个线程
           new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                log.debug("{}", sdf.parse("1951-04-21"));
                 } catch (Exception e) {
                        log.error("{}", e);
                 }
                 }).start();
        }

  有很大几率出现 java.lang.NumberFormatException 或者出现不正确的日期解析结果 

17:27:19.884 a.ThreadTest15 [Thread-5] - {}
java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: ""
	at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65)
	at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:601)
	at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:631)
	at java.text.DigitList.getLong(DigitList.java:195)
	at java.text.DecimalFormat.parse(DecimalFormat.java:2084)
	at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.subParse(SimpleDateFormat.java:2162)
	at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.parse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1514)
	at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:364)
	at ThreadTest15.lambda$main$0(ThreadTest15.java:16)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
17:27:19.885 a.ThreadTest15 [Thread-0] - {}
java.lang.NumberFormatException: empty String
	at sun.misc.FloatingDecimal.readJavaFormatString(FloatingDecimal.java:1842)
	at sun.misc.FloatingDecimal.parseDouble(FloatingDecimal.java:110)
	at java.lang.Double.parseDouble(Double.java:538)
	at java.text.DigitList.getDouble(DigitList.java:169)
	at java.text.DecimalFormat.parse(DecimalFormat.java:2089)
	at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.subParse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1869)
	at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.parse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1514)
	at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:364)
	at ThreadTest15.lambda$main$0(ThreadTest15.java:16)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
17:27:19.884 a.ThreadTest15 [Thread-3] - {}
java.lang.NumberFormatException: multiple points
	at sun.misc.FloatingDecimal.readJavaFormatString(FloatingDecimal.java:1890)
	at sun.misc.FloatingDecimal.parseDouble(FloatingDecimal.java:110)
	at java.lang.Double.parseDouble(Double.java:538)
	at java.text.DigitList.getDouble(DigitList.java:169)
	at java.text.DecimalFormat.parse(DecimalFormat.java:2089)
	at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.subParse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1869)
	at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.parse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1514)
	at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:364)
	at ThreadTest15.lambda$main$0(ThreadTest15.java:16)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
17:27:19.885 a.ThreadTest15 [Thread-4] - {}
java.lang.NumberFormatException: multiple points
	at sun.misc.FloatingDecimal.readJavaFormatString(FloatingDecimal.java:1890)
	at sun.misc.FloatingDecimal.parseDouble(FloatingDecimal.java:110)
	at java.lang.Double.parseDouble(Double.java:538)
	at java.text.DigitList.getDouble(DigitList.java:169)
	at java.text.DecimalFormat.parse