spring在web项目中使用

推荐用法一：
使用javaWeb的三大组件之一的监听器来创建spring的ioc容器对象，在tomcat容器启动的时候就创建一个容器对象，并且只创建一次。
首先:
先写好我们的监听器类

为什么要用ServletContext对象来存储我们的容器对象呢，因为ServletContext代表了整个web应用，他的生命周期随着服务器的开启而产生，随着服务器的关闭而销毁。

@WebListener()
public class InitListener implements ServletContextListener,
        HttpSessionListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener {

    // Public constructor is required by servlet spec
    public InitListener() {
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------
    // ServletContextListener implementation
    // -------------------------------------------------------
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {//服务器启动就会调用这个方法
      /* This method is called when the servlet context is
         initialized(when the Web application is deployed). 
         You can initialize servlet context related data here.
      */
        ServletContext sct = sce.getServletContext();//拿到ServletContext域对象，存储变量
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        sct.setAttribute("ac",ctx);
        System.out.println("服务器启动，加载对象");
    }

    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {//这个方法是服务器关闭的时候执行的，可以用来关闭容器，关闭与mysql的连接等等操作
      /* This method is invoked when the Servlet Context 
         (the Web application) is undeployed or 
         Application Server shuts down.
      */
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------
    // HttpSessionListener implementation
    // -------------------------------------------------------
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        /* Session is created. */
    }

    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        /* Session is destroyed. */
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------
    // HttpSessionAttributeListener implementation
    // -------------------------------------------------------

    public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent sbe) {
      /* This method is called when an attribute 
         is added to a session.
      */
    }

    public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent sbe) {
      /* This method is called when an attribute
         is removed from a session.
      */
    }

    public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent sbe) {
      /* This method is invoked when an attibute
         is replaced in a session.
      */
    }
}

然后在web.xml中配置我们的监听器类，或者，如果你和我一样有打上@WebListener()注解就不用进行配置了。

<listener>
    <listener-class>weleness.listener.InitListener</listener-class>
</listener>

获取域对象，获得容器对象

protected ApplicationContext ac;
    @Override
    public void init() throws ServletException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        ac  = (ApplicationContext) context.getAttribute("ac");
    }

我这里是写在我个人写的一个servlet的父类，下面用反射根据方法名称分发方法，所以我写在初始化方法里面，然后子类要注入对象的时候只要调用一下父类方法就可以了。

public class UserServlet extends BaseServlet {

    private IUserService service;
    @Override
    public void init() throws ServletException {
        super.init();
        service = super.ac.getBean("userService",IUserService.class);
    }