目录
Bean之间的关系有继承和依赖,下面分别介绍下继承和依赖的配置。
一、继承Bean的配置
- Spring允许继承Bean的配置,被继承的bean称为父bean,继承这个父bean的bean称为子bean;
- 子bean从父bean中继承配置,包括bean的属性配置;
- 子bean也可以覆盖从父bean继承过来的配置;
- 父bean可以作为配置模板,也可以作为bean的实例,若只想把父bean作为模板,可以设置父bean的abstract属性为true,这样spring将不会实例化这个Bean;
- 并不是<bean>元素里的所有的属性都会被继承,比如:autowire,abstract等;
- 也可以忽略父bean的class属性,让子bean指定自己的类,而共享相同的属性配置,但此时abstract必须设为true;
新建了一个Address类:
public class Address {
private String city;
private String street;
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getStreet() {
return street;
}
public void setStreet(String street) {
this.street = street;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]";
}
}
在XML中配置继承:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd">
<!-- address 抽象的bean,bean的abstract的属性为true的bean,这样的bean不能被IOC容器实例化,只用来被继承配置,
如果某一个bean的class属性没有被指定,则该bean必须是一个抽象的bean -->
<!--<bean id="address" class="com.atguigu.spring.beans.autowire.Address"
p:city="Beijing" p:street="tianfuse" abstract="true"></bean> -->
<bean id="address" p:city="Beijing" p:street="tianfuse"
abstract="true"></bean>
<!-- address2 <bean id="address2" class="com.atguigu.spring.beans.autowire.Address"
p:city="Beijing" p:street="dazhongsi" parent="address"></bean> -->
<!-- address2 继承 address 用bean的parent属性指定继承哪个bean的配置 -->
<bean id="address2"
class="com.atguigu.spring.beans.autowire.Address" parent="address"></bean>
</beans>
main方法:
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ApplicationContext cxt=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-relation.xml");
Main main=new Main();
//main.testAddress(cxt);
main.testAddress2(cxt);
}
/**
*
* @param cxt
*/
private void testAddress2(ApplicationContext cxt) {
Address address=(Address) cxt.getBean("address2");
System.out.println("address2= "+address);
}
执行结果:
address2= Address [city=Beijing, street=tianfuse]
二、依赖的bean配置
- Spring允许用户通过depends-on属性设定Bean前置依赖的bean,前置依赖的bean会在本bean实例化之前创建好;
- 如果前置依赖于多个bean,则可以通过逗号,空格的方式配置bean的名称。
我们写一个实例,这里实例包括Person类,Address类,Car类,在person中有name、address和car三个属性,其中我们要求person依赖于car。其中这个实例的Address这是为了给注入值,我们只需要理解通过depends-on属性person依赖于car即可。
Person类:
public class Person {
private String name;
private Address address;
private Car car;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public Car getCar() {
return car;
}
public void setCar(Car car) {
this.car = car;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + ", car=" + car + "]";
}
}
Address类:
public class Address {
private String city;
private String street;
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getStreet() {
return street;
}
public void setStreet(String street) {
this.street = street;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]";
}
}
car类:
public class Car {
private String brand;
private double price;
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + "]";
}
}
xml配置:
<!-- car -->
<bean id="car" class="com.atguigu.spring.beans.autowire.Car"
p:brand="dazhong" p:price="200000"></bean>
<!-- 要求在配置bean的时候,必须要关联一个car,换句话说,person这个bean依赖于car这个bean -->
<bean id="person" class="com.atguigu.spring.beans.autowire.Person"
p:name="Tom" p:address-ref="address2" depends-on="car">
</bean>
main方法:
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ApplicationContext cxt=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-relation.xml");
Main main=new Main();
//main.testAddress(cxt);
//main.testAddress2(cxt);
main.testPerson(cxt);
}
private void testPerson(ApplicationContext cxt) {
Person person = (Person) cxt.getBean("person");
System.out.println("person-yilai= "+person);
}