【跟我学spring 4.0 】之第五节-配置bean之间的关系：继承、依赖

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配置bean之间的关系：继承、依赖

1.继承Bean配置：

-Spring允许继承bean的配置，被继承的bean称为父bean，继承这个父bean的bean称为子bean。

-子bean从父bean中继承配置，包括bean的属性配置

-子bean也可以覆盖从父bean继承过来的配置。

-父bean可以作为配置模板，也可以作为Bean实例，若只想把父Bean作为模板，可以设置<Bean>的abstract属性为true，这样spring将不会实例化这个Bean。

-并不是<bean>元素里的所有属性都会继承，比如autowire，abstract等。

-也可以忽略父Bean的class属性，让子Bean指定自己的类，而共享相同的属性配置，但此时abstract必须设为true。

2.依赖Bean配置

-spring允许用户通过depends-on 属性设定Bean前置依赖的Bean，前置依赖的Bean会在本Bean实例化之前创建好。

-如果前置依赖于多个Bean，则可以通过逗号，空格或的方式配置Bean的名称。

3.实例：

配置文件spring-relation.xml：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
	default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="true">
	
	<bean id="address"  class="com.zd.runsharing.maven.springAutowire.Address"
	 p:city="北京" p:street="天安门街道">
	 </bean>
	 
	 <bean id="address2"  class="com.zd.runsharing.maven.springAutowire.Address"
	 p:city="北京" p:street="朝天门街道">
	 </bean>
	
	<!--  抽象bean：bean的abstract属性为true的bean，这样的bean不能被IOC容器实例化，只用来继承配置	
	 		若某一个bean的class属性没有指定，则该bean必须是一个抽象bean -->
	 <bean id="address3"  abstract="true"  p:city="北京" p:street="朝天门街道">
	 </bean>
	 <!-- bean配置的继承，使用bean的parent属性指定继承 哪个bean的配置 -->
	  <bean id="addressRelation"  p:city="北京"  parent="address3" class="com.zd.runsharing.maven.springAutowire.Address">
	 </bean>
	 
	 <bean id="car"  class="com.zd.runsharing.maven.springAutowire.Car"
	 p:brand="宝马汽车" p:price="34000000">
	 </bean>
	 <!-- 要求配置personRelation时，必须有一个关联的car！换句话说Person这个bean依赖于Car这个bean -->
	 <bean id="personRelation"   class="com.zd.runsharing.maven.springAutowire.autoPerson"
	 		p:name="张三丰" p:address-ref="address" depends-on="car">
	 </bean>
	</beans>

Address类：

public class Address {

	private String city;
	private String 	street;
	public String getCity() {
		return city;
	}
	public void setCity(String city) {
		this.city = city;
	}
	public String getStreet() {
		return street;
	}
	public void setStreet(String street) {
		this.street = street;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]";
	}
	
}

Car类：

public class Car {
	private String brand;
	private double price;
	public String getBrand() {
		return brand;
	}
	public void setBrand(String brand) {
		this.brand = brand;
	}
	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
	public void setPrice(double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + "]";
	}
	

}

autoPerson类：

public class autoPerson {

	private String name;
	private Address address;
	private Car car;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Address getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(Address address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	public Car getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	public void setCar(Car car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "autoPerson [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + ", car=" + car + "]";
	}
	
	
}

主函数测试类：

public class BeanRelationMainTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		 ApplicationContext atx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-relation.xml");
		  Address  address = (Address) atx.getBean("address");
		  System.out.println(  address);
		  Address  address2 = (Address) atx.getBean("address2");
		  System.out.println(  address2);
		
		  /*bean配置里使用parent继承*/
		  Address  addressRelation = (Address) atx.getBean("addressRelation");
		  System.out.println( "bean配置里使用parent继承："+ addressRelation);
		  
		  /*bean配置里使用depends-on依赖*/
		  autoPerson  personRelation = (autoPerson) atx.getBean("personRelation");
		  System.out.println( "bean配置里使用depends-on依赖："+ personRelation);
	}

}

运行结果：

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