2017.7.8 & numpy基础

1.nump

二阶单位阵

d = np.eye(2)         # Create a 2x2 identity matrix
print(d)              # Prints "[[ 1.  0.]
                     #          [ 0.  1.]]"

整型索引会降低矩阵的维度，切片索引却不会

row_r1 = a[1, :]    # Rank 1 view of the second row of a
row_r2 = a[1:2, :]  # Rank 2 view of the second row of a
print(row_r1, row_r1.shape)  # Prints "[5 6 7 8] (4,)"
print(row_r2, row_r2.shape)  # Prints "[[5 6 7 8]] (1, 4)"

numpy中关于array整型Index的一个点

两个矩阵，确定一个位置

a = np.array([[1,2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])

# An example of integer array indexing.
# The returned array will have shape (3,) and
print(a[[0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 0]])  # Prints "[1 4 5]"

# The above example of integer array indexing is equivalent to this:
print(np.array([a[0, 0], a[1, 1], a[2, 0]]))  # Prints "[1 4 5]"

numpy强制类型转换

x = np.array([1, 2], dtype=np.int64)   # Force a particular datatype
print(x.dtype)                         # Prints "int64"

numpy中矩阵加减乘除开放运算

x = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]], dtype=np.float64)
y = np.array([[5,6],[7,8]], dtype=np.float64)

print(x + y)
print(np.add(x, y))

print(x - y)
print(np.subtract(x, y))

*这的乘积，是矩阵各元素的乘积，不是矩阵相乘，向量和*
print(x * y)
print(np.multiply(x, y))

print(x / y)
print(np.divide(x, y))

print(np.sqrt(x))

dot用法：既可以用于vectors*vectors(各项之积的和)；用于matrix*vectors；还可用于matrix*matrix

import numpy as np

x = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
y = np.array([[5,6],[7,8]])

v = np.array([9,10])
w = np.array([11, 12])

# Inner product of vectors; both produce 219
print(v.dot(w))
print(np.dot(v, w))

# Matrix / vector product; both produce the rank 1 array [29 67]
print(x.dot(v))
print(np.dot(x, v))

# Matrix / matrix product; both produce the rank 2 array
# [[19 22]
#  [43 50]]
print(x.dot(y))
print(np.dot(x, y))

遇到有趣的tile函数

#列方向上重复两次变为【1，2，1，2】
a = np.tile([1,2], 2)
#行方向重复三次，列方向重复2次，变为：
#【1，2，1，2】
#【1，2，1，2】
#【1，2，1，2】
a = np.tile([1,2], (3, 2))

x = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9], [10, 11, 12]])
v = np.array([1, 0, 1])
y = x + v  # Add v to each row of x using broadcasting
print(y)  # Prints "[[ 2  2  4]
          #          [ 5  5  7]
          #          [ 8  8 10]
          #          [11 11 13]]"

今天就到这，明天是生日，出去玩耍