死信的来源
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消息 TTL 过期
TTL是 Time To Live 的缩写, 也就是生存时间
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队列达到最大长度
队列满了,无法再添加数据到 MQ 中
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消息被拒绝
(basic.reject 或 basic.nack) 并且 requeue = false
消息 TTL 过期
生产者(10s过期)
public class Producer {
//普通交换机的名称
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel();
//死信消息 设置ttl时间 live to time 单位是ms
AMQP.BasicProperties properties =
new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration("10000").build();
for (int i = 1; i <11 ; i++) {
String message = "info"+i;
channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"zhangsan",properties,message.getBytes());
}
}
}
消费者
public class Consumer01 {
//普通交换机的名称
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
//死信交换机的名称
public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
//普通队列的名称
public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";
//死信队列的名称
public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel();
//声明死信和普通交换机,类型为direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//声明普通队列
Map<String,Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();
//过期时间 10s 由生产者指定 更加灵活
//arguments.put("x-message-ttl",10000);
//正常的队列设置死信交换机
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",DEAD_EXCHANGE);//图中红箭头
//设置死信routingKey
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key","lisi");
channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE,false,false,false,arguments);
/
//声明死信队列
channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE,false,false,false,null);
//绑定普通的交换机与队列
channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE,NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"zhangsan");
//绑定死信的交换机与死信的队列
channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE,DEAD_EXCHANGE,"lisi");
System.out.println("等待接收消息...");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) ->{
System.out.println("Consumer01接受的消息是:"+new String(message.getBody(),"UTF-8"));
};
channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE,true,deliverCallback,consumerTag -> {});
}
}
先启动消费者,产生交换机、队列后关闭,再启动生产者。
运行结果
10s后
消费死信队列的信息
public class Consumer02 {
//死信队列的名称
public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel();
System.out.println("等待接收死信消息...");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) ->{
System.out.println("Consumer02接受的消息是:"+new String(message.getBody(),"UTF-8"));
};
channel.basicConsume(DEAD_QUEUE,true,deliverCallback,consumerTag -> {});
}
}
启动即可消费
队列达到最大长度
若队列设置最大长度为6,则超过长度的信息进入死信队列。
生产者
public class Producer {
//普通交换机的名称
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel();
//死信消息 设置ttl时间 live to time 单位是ms
/*AMQP.BasicProperties properties =
new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration("10000").build();*/
for (int i = 1; i <11 ; i++) {
String message = "info"+i;
channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"zhangsan",null,message.getBytes());
}
}
}
消费者
public class Consumer01 {
//普通交换机的名称
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
//死信交换机的名称
public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
//普通队列的名称
public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";
//死信队列的名称
public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel();
//声明死信和普通交换机,类型为direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//声明普通队列
Map<String,Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();
//过期时间 10s 由生产者指定 更加灵活
//arguments.put("x-message-ttl",10000);
//正常的队列设置死信交换机
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",DEAD_EXCHANGE);//图中红箭头
//设置死信routingKey
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key","lisi");
//设置正常队列长度的限制,例如发送10个消息,6个为正常,4个为死信
arguments.put("x-max-length",6);
channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE,false,false,false,arguments);
/
//声明死信队列
channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE,false,false,false,null);
//绑定普通的交换机与队列
channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE,NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"zhangsan");
//绑定死信的交换机与死信的队列
channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE,DEAD_EXCHANGE,"lisi");
System.out.println("等待接收消息...");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) ->{
System.out.println("Consumer01接受的消息是:"+new String(message.getBody(),"UTF-8"));
};
channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE,true,deliverCallback,consumerTag -> {});
}
}
运行结果
消息被拒绝
消费者
public class Consumer03 {
//普通交换机的名称
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
//死信交换机的名称
public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
//普通队列的名称
public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";
//死信队列的名称
public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel();
//声明死信和普通交换机,类型为direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//声明普通队列
Map<String,Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();
//过期时间 10s 由生产者指定 更加灵活
//arguments.put("x-message-ttl",10000);
//正常的队列设置死信交换机
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",DEAD_EXCHANGE);//图中红箭头
//设置死信routingKey
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key","lisi");
//设置正常队列长度的限制,例如发送10个消息,6个为正常,4个为死信
//arguments.put("x-max-length",6);
channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE,false,false,false,arguments);
/
//声明死信队列
channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE,false,false,false,null);
//绑定普通的交换机与队列
channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE,NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"zhangsan");
//绑定死信的交换机与死信的队列
channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE,DEAD_EXCHANGE,"lisi");
System.out.println("等待接收消息...");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) ->{
String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8");
if(msg.equals("info5")){
System.out.println("Consumer01接受的消息是:"+msg+": 此消息是被C1拒绝的");
//requeue 设置为 false 代表拒绝重新入队 该队列如果配置了死信交换机将发送到死信队列中
channel.basicReject(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}else {
System.out.println("Consumer01接受的消息是:"+msg);
channel.basicAck(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
};
//开启手动应答
channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE,false,deliverCallback,consumerTag -> {});
}
}