【OC笔记】MRC中多对象内存管理以及循环retain

一、多对象内存管理
要点：对象中类类型的属性以及NSSting类型属性的内存管理问题，以及多对象内存管理注意事项。
代码示例:
Person类的声明和实现

@interface Person : NSObject
{
    //姓名
    NSString *_name;
    
    //年龄
    int _age;
    
    //房间
    Room *_room;
}

//setter方法声明
-(void)setName:(NSString *)name;
-(void)setAge:(int)age;
-(void)setRoom:(Room *)room;


@implementation Person
//deall方法重写
-(void)dealloc
{
    //将自身类中retain过得成员变量release一次
    [_name release];
    [_room release];
    
    //调用父类的dealloc
    [super dealloc];
    NSLog(@"Person dealloced");
}


//setter方法的实现
-(void)setName:(NSString *)name
{
    if (_name != name) {
        
        //release一次原先的name
        [_name release];
        //copy name ，name retain一次
        _name = [name copy];
    }
}

-(void)setAge:(int)age
{
    //基本数据类型直接赋值，不考虑内存管理问题
    _age = age;
}

-(void)setRoom:(Room *)room
{
    if (_room != room) {
        
        //release一次原先的room
        [_room release];
        //自身room赋值
        _room = room;
        //retain一次
        [room retain];
    }
}

@end

Room类的声明和实现

@interface Room : NSObject

@end

@implementation Room

//重写dealloc方法
-(void)dealloc
{
    [super dealloc];
    NSLog(@"Room dealloced");
}

@end

main函数

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        
        Person *person = [Person new]; //person retainCount = 1
        Room *room = [Room new];   //room retainCount = 1
        [person setRoom:room]; //room retainCount = 1
        
        [person release];
        [room release];       
        
    }
    return 0;
}

总结：凡是在代码中出现：new, alloc, retain, copy, multableCopy等关键字一定要release/autorelease一次。
copy使用场合：NSString，block类型

二、多对象造成循环retain
代码示例：
Person类的声明和实现

@class Dog;
@interface Person : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, retain)Dog *dog;
@end

@implementation Person

-(void)dealloc
{
    [_dog release];    
    [super dealloc];
    NSLog(@"Person dealloced");
}

@end

Dog类的声明和实现

@class Person;
@interface Dog : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, retain)Person *owner;
@end

@implementation Dog
//dealloc方法重写
-(void)dealloc
{
    [_owner release];
    [super dealloc];
    NSLog(@"dog dealloced");
}

@end

main函数

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {      
        Dog *dog = [Dog new];
        Person *person = [Person new];
        
        //循环retain
        dog.owner = person;
        person.dog = dog;
        
        [dog release];
        [person release];
    }
    return 0;
}

总结：
1.  在循环引用中一定使用@class，防止死循环
2.  循环retain解决办法：
   让某一个多release一次
3. 某一个嵌套组合类的构造方法用assign直接赋值