多线程打印A1aB2bC3c的5种方式

有三组数据：
第 1 组：ABCDEFGHI
第 2 组：123456789
第 3 组：abcdefghi
怎样输出 A1aB2bC3c… 这样的效果呢？
本篇给出 5 种实现方式，欢迎大家积极讨论，不正确之处欢迎指正。

代码中，笔者按人为理解的方式标注了代码执行的次序，便于理解。

方式1、for 死循环

package taishangcode;
/*
 * 使用死循环实现3个线程交替打印A1aB2bC3c...
 * 公众号：taishangcode
 */
public class ForPrint {
	static volatile int a = 0;
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Thread(() -> {
			for (char i = 'A'; i < 'J'; i++) {
				// 等同 while(a!=0){}
				for(; a!=0;) {}
				System.out.print(i);
				a=1;
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
				for(; a!=1;) {}
				System.out.print(i);
				a=2;
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			for (char i = 'a'; i < 'j'; i++) {
				for(; a!=2;) {}
				System.out.print(i);
				a=0;
			}
		}).start();
	}
}

方式2、LockSupport

package taishangcode;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;

public class LockSupportPrint {
	static Thread t1,t2,t3;
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 代码后面注释了执行的次序，便于理解
		t1 = new Thread(() -> {
			for (char i = 'A'; i < 'J'; i++) {
				System.out.print(i);//1
				LockSupport.unpark(t2);//1
				LockSupport.park();//1
			}
		});
		t2 = new Thread(() -> {
			for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
				LockSupport.park();//1、2
				System.out.print(i);//2
				LockSupport.unpark(t3);//2
			}
		});
		t3 = new Thread(() -> {
			for (char i = 'a'; i < 'j'; i++) {
				LockSupport.park();//1、3
				System.out.print(i);//3
				LockSupport.unpark(t1);//3
			}
		});
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
	}
}

方式3、BlockingDeque

package taishangcode;

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;

/*
 * 使用BlockingDeque实现3个线程交替打印A1aB2bC3c...
 */
public class BlockingDequePrint {
	static BlockingDeque<String> bd1 = new LinkedBlockingDeque<String>();
	static BlockingDeque<String> bd2 = new LinkedBlockingDeque<String>();
	static BlockingDeque<String> bd3 = new LinkedBlockingDeque<String>();

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				for (char i = 'A'; i < 'J'; i++) {
					bd1.put(i + "");//1
					System.out.print(bd2.take());//1-阻塞 2-取值小字母
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
					System.out.print(bd1.take());//1-阻塞 或 1-取值成功
					bd3.put(i + "");//1或2
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				for (char i = 'a'; i < 'j'; i++) {
					System.out.print(bd3.take());//1-阻塞 2-取值输出数字
					bd2.put(i + "");//2 执行后第一个线程执行
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
	}
}

方式4、CyclicBarrier

package taishangcode;

import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
/*
 * 使用CyclicBarrier实现3个线程交替打印A1aB2bC3c...
 */
public class CyclicBarrierPrint {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(3);
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				for (char i = 'A'; i < 'J';i++) {
					System.out.print(i);//1、4
					cyclicBarrier.await();//1、4
					cyclicBarrier.await();//2
					cyclicBarrier.await();//3
				}
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				for (int i = 1; i < 10;i++) {
					cyclicBarrier.await();//1、4
					System.out.print(i);//2
					cyclicBarrier.await();//2
					cyclicBarrier.await();//3
				}
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				for (char i = 'a'; i < 'j';) {
					cyclicBarrier.await();//1、4
					cyclicBarrier.await();//2
					System.out.print(i);//3
					i++;//3
					cyclicBarrier.await();//3
				}
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
	}
}

方式5、Lock 与 Condition

package taishangcode;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/*
 * 使用Lock与Condition实现3个线程交替打印A1aB2bC3c...
 */
public class ConditionPrint {
	static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	static Condition a = lock.newCondition();
	static Condition b = lock.newCondition();
	static Condition c = lock.newCondition();
	static volatile int n = 1;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				lock.lock();
				for (char i = 'A'; i < 'J'; i++) {
					System.out.print(i);//1、3、(第6步继续从这里开始)
					if (n != 1) { //第一次不通知
						b.signal();//3
					}
					a.await();//1、3
				}
				b.signal(); // 唤醒最后阻塞的线程
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally {
				lock.unlock();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				lock.lock();
				for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
					if (n == 1) { // 该线程利用超时实现自唤醒，时间控制晚于第一个线程
						b.await(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);//1
						n++;
					}
					System.out.print(i);//2、4
					c.signal();//2、4
					b.await();//2、4
				}
				c.signal();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally {
				lock.unlock();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				lock.lock();
				for (char i = 'a'; i < 'j'; i++) {
					c.await();//1、2、5
					System.out.print(i);//2、5
					a.signal();//2、5
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally {
				lock.unlock();
			}
		}).start();
	}
}

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