多线程交替输出A1B2C3的7种方式

有两组数据：
第 1 组：ABCDEFGHI
第 2 组：123456789
怎么样才能输出 A1B2C3D4… 呢，下面给出 7 种实现方案，处欢迎大家积极讨论。

方式1、死循环

package taishangcode;

/**
 * @Description:利用死循环 交叉输出 A1B2C3...
 * 公众号：taishangcode
 */
public class ForPrint {
	static volatile int a = 0; // 加上 volatile 使其中一个线程对 a 修改的结果对另一线程透明
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Thread(() -> {
			for (char c = 'A'; c < 'J'; c++) {
				// 等同 while(a!=0){}
				for(; a!=0;) {}
				System.out.print(c);
				a=1;
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
				// 等同 while(a!=1){}
				for(; a!=1;) {}
				System.out.print(i);
				a=0;
			}
		}).start();
	}
}

方式2、LockSupport

package taishangcode;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;

/**
 * @Description:LockSupport 交叉输出 A1B2C3...
 * 公众号：taishangcode
 */
public class LockSupportPrint {
	static Thread t1,t2;
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		t1 = new Thread(() -> {
			for (char c = 'A'; c < 'J'; c++) {
				System.out.print(c);
				LockSupport.unpark(t2);
				LockSupport.park();
			}
		});
		t2 = new Thread(() -> {
			for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
				LockSupport.park();
				System.out.print(i);
				LockSupport.unpark(t1);
			}
		});
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
	}
}

方式3、synchronized

package taishangcode;

/**
 * @Description:synchronized 结合 wait() 与 notify() 交叉输出 A1B2C3...
 * 公众号：taishangcode
 */
public class SynchronizedPrint {
	static Object obj = new Object();
	static volatile int n = 1;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				synchronized (obj) {
					for (char c = 'A'; c < 'J'; c++) {
						System.out.print(c);
						if (n != 1) { // 首次不通知
							obj.notify();
						}
						obj.wait();
					}
					obj.notify(); // 唤醒最后阻塞的线程
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				synchronized (obj) {
					for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
						if (n == 1) {
							obj.wait(10);
							n++;
						}
						System.out.print(i);
						obj.notify();
						obj.wait();
					}
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
	}
}

方式4、Lock 与 Condition

package taishangcode;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * @Description:使用 Lock 与 Condition 输出 A1B2C3...
 */
public class ConditionPrint {
	static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	static Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
	static Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
	static volatile int n = 1;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				lock.lock();
				for (char c = 'A'; c < 'J'; c++) {
					System.out.print(c);
					if (n != 1) { //第一次不通知
						c2.signal();
					}
					c1.await();
				}
				c2.signal(); // 唤醒最后阻塞的线程
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally {
				lock.unlock();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				lock.lock();
				for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
					if (n == 1) { // 利用超时机制使该线程在上个线程之后进行
						c2.await(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
						n++;
					}
					System.out.print(i);
					c1.signal();
					c2.await();
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally {
				lock.unlock();
			}
		}).start();
	}
}

方式5、CyclicBarrier

package taishangcode;

import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

/**
 * @Description:使用 CyclicBarrier 交叉输出 A1B2C3...
 * 公众号：taishangcode
 */
public class CyclicBarrierPrint {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(2);
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				for (char c = 'A'; c < 'J';) {
					System.out.print(c);
					cyclicBarrier.await();
					c++;
					cyclicBarrier.await();
				}
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				for (int i = 1; i < 10;) {
					cyclicBarrier.await();
					System.out.print(i);
					cyclicBarrier.await();
					i++;
				}
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
	}
}

方式6、TransferQueue

package taishangcode;

import java.util.concurrent.LinkedTransferQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TransferQueue;

/**
 * @Description:用 LinkedTransferQueue 交叉输出 A1B2C3...
 */
public class TransferQueuePrint {
	static TransferQueue<String> transferQueue = new LinkedTransferQueue<String>();
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				for (char c = 'A'; c < 'J'; c++) {
					transferQueue.transfer(c+"");
					System.out.print(transferQueue.take());
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
					System.out.print(transferQueue.take());
					transferQueue.transfer(i+"");
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
	}
}

方式7、BlockingDeque

package taishangcode;

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;

/**
 * @Description:使用 Lock 与 Condition 输出 A1B2C3...
 */
public class BlockingDequePrint {
	// take() 和 put() 均是阻塞方法，程序顺序决定了这里会交叉输出
	//当然保险起见，这里两个双端队列初始化时可指定容量为 1
	static BlockingDeque<String> bd1 = new LinkedBlockingDeque<String>();
	static BlockingDeque<String> bd2 = new LinkedBlockingDeque<String>();
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				for (char c = 'A'; c < 'J'; c++) {
					bd1.put(c+"");
					System.out.print(bd2.take());
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
		new Thread(() -> {
			try {
				for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
					System.out.print(bd1.take());
					bd2.put(i+"");
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}).start();
	}
}

八、总结

除方式一利用死循环的特点实现除外，
wait() 与 notify() 调用的是 native 方法，即 JVM 底层进行的实现。
LinkedBlockingDeque、CyclicBarrier 源码中都用到了 Lock 与 Condition。
而 Condition 与 LinkedTransferQueue 的源码中又都用到了 LockSupport 类的操作。
LockSupport 的 park() 和 unpark() 又都是由 sun.misc.Unsafe 类提供的。

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