一、基础知识
1、八股：线程间同步的五种方式（操作系统/多线程）？
（1）互斥锁（Mutex）：采用互斥对象的机制，只有拥有互斥对象的线程才有访问公共资源的权限。因为互斥对象只有一个，所以可以保证公共资源不会被多个线程同时访问呢。比如Java中的synchronized关键字和各种Lock都是这种机制
（2）读写锁（Read-Write Lock）：允许多个线程同时读取共享资源，但只有一个线程可以对共享资源进行写操作。
（3）信号量（Semaphore）：它允许同一时刻多个线程同时访问同一资源，但是需要控制同一时刻访问此资源的最大线程数。
（4）屏障（Barrier）：屏障是一种同步原语，用于等待多个线程到达某个点再一起继续执行。当一个线程到达屏障时，它会停止执行并等待其他线程到达屏障，直到所有线程都达到屏障后，它们才会一起继续执行。比如Java中的CyclicBarrier是这种机制。
（5）事件（Event）：Wait/Notify：通过通知操作的方式来保持多线程同步，还可以方便的实现多线程优先级的比较操作。
2、分类
（1）互斥锁（3）：LockSupport、ReentrantLock、Sync
（2）读写锁（1）：ReentrantReadWriteLock
（3）信号量（2）：Semaphore、CountDownLatch
（4）屏障（1）：CyclicBarrier
（5）事件（3）：Wait/NotifyAll、Join、ReentrantLock+Condition
（6）CAS（1）：AtomicInteger
二、代码实现
1、AtomicInteger
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
public class AtomicIntegerTest {
public static AtomicInteger num = new AtomicInteger(1);
public static int maxNum;
public static int threadNum;
public static Thread buildThread(String name, int rest){
return new Thread(()->{
while (true){
if (num.get()%threadNum==rest && num.get()<=100){
System.out.println("Thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+num);
num.incrementAndGet();
}else if (num.get()>100){
break;
}
}
},name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
maxNum = 100;
threadNum = 3;
for (int i=0;i<threadNum;i++){
Thread thread = buildThread((i+1)+"", (i+1)%threadNum);
thread.start();
}
}
}
2、CountDownLatch
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class CountDownLatchTest {
public static volatile int num = 1;
public static int maxNum = 100;
public static int threadNum = 3;
public static Map<String,CountDownLatch> map = new HashMap<>();
public static class MyThread extends Thread{
String nextLatch;
String selfLatch;
int rest;
MyThread(String nextLatch, String selfLatch, String name, int rest){
this.nextLatch = nextLatch;
this.selfLatch = selfLatch;
this.rest = rest;
setName(name);
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(num<=maxNum){
map.put(selfLatch,new CountDownLatch(1));
if (num%threadNum==rest && num<=100){
System.out.println("Thread "+getName()+":"+num);
num++;
}
map.get(nextLatch).countDown();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
String countDownLatchA = "A";
String countDownLatchB = "B";
String countDownLatchC = "C";
map.put(countDownLatchA,new CountDownLatch(1));
map.put(countDownLatchB,new CountDownLatch(1));
map.put(countDownLatchC,new CountDownLatch(1));
Thread threadA = new MyThread("B","A","1",1);
Thread threadB = new MyThread("C","B","2",2);
Thread threadC = new MyThread("A","C","3",0);
threadC.start();
threadB.start();
threadA.start();
}
}
3、CyclicBarrier
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
public class CyclicBarrierTest {
public static volatile int num = 1;
public static int maxNum = 100;
public static int threadNum = 3;
public static final CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(threadNum, new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
num++;
}
});
public static Thread buildThread(String name, int rest){
return new Thread(()->{
while (num<=maxNum){
if (num%threadNum == rest){
System.out.println("Thread "+name+":"+num);
}
try {
barrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
});
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i=threadNum-1;i>=0;i--){
Thread thread = buildThread((i+1)+"", (i+1)%threadNum);
thread.start();
}
}
}
4、Join
public class JoinTest {
public static volatile int num;
public static int maxNum;
public static int threadNum;
public static Thread buildThread(Thread beforeThread,String name){
return new Thread(()->{
if (beforeThread != null) {
try {
beforeThread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if (num<=100){
System.out.print("Thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + num + "\n");
num++;
}
},name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
num = 1;
maxNum = 100;
threadNum = 3;
for (int i=0;i<34;i++){
Thread threadA = buildThread(null,"A");
Thread threadB = buildThread(threadA,"B");
Thread threadC = buildThread(threadB,"C");
threadC.start();
threadB.start();
threadA.start();
threadC.join();
}
}
}
5、LockSupport
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
public class LockSupportTest {
public static volatile int num;
public static int maxNum;
public static int threadNum;
public static Thread t1 = null;
public static Thread t2 = null;
public static Thread t3 = null;
public static void main(String[] args) {
num = 1;
maxNum = 100;
threadNum = 3;
t1 = new Thread(()->{
while (true){
LockSupport.park();
if (num<=100 && num%threadNum==1){
System.out.print("Thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+num+"\n");
num++;
}else if (num>100){
LockSupport.unpark(t2);
break;
}
LockSupport.unpark(t2);
}
},"1");
t2 = new Thread(()->{
while (true){
LockSupport.park();
if (num<=100 && num%threadNum==2){
System.out.print("Thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+num+"\n");
num++;
}else if (num>100){
LockSupport.unpark(t3);
break;
}
LockSupport.unpark(t3);
}
},"2");
t3 = new Thread(()->{
while (true){
LockSupport.park();
if (num<=100 && num%threadNum==0){
System.out.print("Thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+num+"\n");
num++;
}else if (num>100){
LockSupport.unpark(t1);
break;
}
LockSupport.unpark(t1);
}
},"3");
t3.start();
t2.start();
t1.start();
LockSupport.unpark(t1);
}
}
6、ReentrantLock & Condition
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class ReentrantLockAndConditionTest {
public static volatile int num;
public static ReentrantLock lock;
public static Condition condition;
public static int maxNum;
public static int threadNum;
public static Thread buildThread(String name){
return new Thread(()->{
while(num<=maxNum){
lock.lock();
if (num<=maxNum){
System.out.print("Thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+num+"\n");
num++;
}
condition.signalAll();
try {
if (num<=maxNum){
condition.await();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
lock.unlock();
}
},name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
num = 1;
maxNum = 100;
lock = new ReentrantLock();
condition = lock.newCondition();
threadNum = 3;
Thread threadA = buildThread("A");
Thread threadB = buildThread("B");
Thread threadC = buildThread("C");
threadA.start();
threadB.start();
threadC.start();
}
}
7、ReentrantLock
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class ReentrantLockTest {
public static volatile int num;
public static int maxNum;
public static int threadNum;
public static ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();
public static Thread buildThread(String name, int rest){
return new Thread(()->{
while (true){
reentrantLock.lock();
if (num%threadNum==rest && num<=100){
System.out.println("Thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+num);
num++;
}else if (num>100){
reentrantLock.unlock();
break;
}
reentrantLock.unlock();
}
},name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
num = 1;
maxNum = 100;
threadNum = 3;
for (int i=0;i<threadNum;i++){
Thread thread = buildThread((i+1)+"",(i+1)%threadNum);
thread.start();
}
}
}
8、Semaphore
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
public class SemaphoreTest {
public static volatile int num;
public static int threadNum;
public static int maxNum;
public static Semaphore semaphoreA = new Semaphore(1);
public static Semaphore semaphoreB = new Semaphore(0);
public static Semaphore semaphoreC = new Semaphore(0);
public static class MyThread extends Thread{
Semaphore cur;
Semaphore next;
public MyThread(Semaphore cur, Semaphore next, String name){
this.cur = cur;
this.next = next;
setName(name);
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(num<=maxNum){
try {
cur.acquire();
if (num<=maxNum){
System.out.print("Thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+num+"\n");
num++;
}
next.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
num = 1;
threadNum = 3;
maxNum = 100;
MyThread threadA = new MyThread(semaphoreA, semaphoreB, "A");
MyThread threadB = new MyThread(semaphoreB, semaphoreC, "B");
MyThread threadC = new MyThread(semaphoreC, semaphoreA, "C");
threadA.start();
threadB.start();
threadC.start();
}
}
9、Sync
import java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer;
public class SyncTest {
public static volatile int num;
public static int maxNum;
public static int threadNum;
public static final Sync sync = new Sync(0);
public static Thread buildThread(Sync sync, int initState, String name){
return new Thread(()->{
while (true){
sync.acquire(initState+1);
if (num<=maxNum){
if (num%threadNum==(initState+1)%threadNum){
System.out.print("Thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+num+"\n");
num++;
}
}else{
sync.release(initState+1);
break;
}
sync.release(initState+1);
}
},name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
num = 1;
maxNum = 100;
threadNum = 3;
for (int i=0;i<threadNum;i++){
Thread myThread = buildThread(sync, i, (i+1)+"");
myThread.start();
}
}
}
class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer{
Sync(int state){
setState(state);
}
@Override
public boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
if(compareAndSetState(0,arg)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
public boolean tryRelease(int arg) {
setState(0);
return true;
}
}
10、Wait & NotifyAll
public class WaitNotifyAll {
public static volatile int num;
public static int totalThreadNum;
public static int printMaxNum;
public static final Object obj = new Object();
public static Thread buildThread(String threadName, int rest){
return new Thread(()->{
while (num<=printMaxNum){
synchronized (obj){
if (num%totalThreadNum==rest){
obj.notifyAll();
System.out.print("Thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+num+"\n");
num++;
try {
if (num<=100){
obj.wait();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}else{
obj.notifyAll();
try {
obj.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
},threadName);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
num = 1;
totalThreadNum = 3;
printMaxNum = 100;
for (int i=0;i<totalThreadNum;i++){
buildThread((i+1)+"",(i+1)%totalThreadNum).start();
}
}
}
11、ReentrantReadWriteLock
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
public class ReentrantReadWriteLockTest {
public static volatile int num = 1;
public static int maxNum = 100;
public static int threadNum = 3;
public static ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
public static Thread buildThread(String name, int rest){
return new Thread(()->{
while (num<=maxNum){
lock.readLock().lock();
if (num%threadNum==rest && num<=100){
lock.readLock().unlock();
lock.writeLock().lock();
System.out.println("Thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+num);
num++;
lock.writeLock().unlock();
continue;
}
lock.readLock().unlock();
}
},name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i=0;i<threadNum;i++){
Thread thread = buildThread((i+1)+"",(i+1)%threadNum);
thread.start();
}
}
}参考资料：
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/370130458
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000041961194
2808
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
