Java并发-交替打印的四种方法。

1 前言

如下图所示，现在有两个线程A,B；A打印12345，B打印abcde，结果为1a2b3c4d5e交替输出。

1.1 采用wait和notify

【分析】我们要求线程A始终先打印，因此在线程B先获得CPU使用时间时也应该阻塞。

 细节

• 线程A应该打印后，先notify，然后wait；
• 线程B先阻塞，然后打印后，先notity，再wait。
• 其线程B先阻塞的方法，采用countdownlatch实现
• 线程A在for循环后还需要在进行notify，因为线程B最后才能被打印。因此最后一定被阻塞。

package cn.itcast.n6.c1;


import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

/**
 * @author : msf
 * @date : 2022/12/2
 * 交替输出
 */
public class AlteratePrint2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String numberA = "123456";
        String characterB = "abcdef";
        Object lock = new Object();
        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);

        Thread threadA = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (lock) {
                for (char c : numberA.toCharArray()) {
                    System.out.print(c);
                    try {
                        // 唤醒线程b
                        latch.countDown();
                        lock.notify();
                        // 线程A阻塞
                        lock.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                // 是为了更好的退出，因为程序在结束时候肯定会有一个线程在阻塞住。
                lock.notify();
            }
        });

        Thread threadB = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                latch.await();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            synchronized (lock) {
                for (char c : characterB.toCharArray()) {
                    try {

                        System.out.print(c);
                        lock.notify();
                        lock.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }

                }
            }

        });

        threadB.start();
        threadA.start();
    }
}

上述代码结果如下：

1.2 采用park 和unpark

package cn.itcast.n6.c1;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;

/**
 * @author : msf
 * @date : 2022/12/2
 * 交替输出
 */
public class AlteratePrint {
    static Thread threadA = null;
    static Thread threadB = null;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String numberA = "123456";
        String characterB = "abcdef";

        threadA = new Thread(()->{
            for (char c : numberA.toCharArray()) {
                System.out.print(c);
                LockSupport.unpark(threadB);
                LockSupport.park();

            }
        });
        threadB = new Thread(()->{
            for (char c : characterB.toCharArray()) {
                LockSupport.park();
                System.out.print(c);
                LockSupport.unpark(threadA);
            }
        });
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
    }
}

上述代码结果如下：

1.3 采用lock锁和condition

package cn.itcast.n6.c1;


import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * @author : msf
 * @date : 2022/12/2
 * 交替输出
 */
public class AlteratePrint3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String numberA = "123456";
        String characterB = "abcdef";
        ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
        Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();
        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);

        Thread threadA = new Thread(() -> {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                for (char c : numberA.toCharArray()) {
                    System.out.print(c);
                    try {
                        // 唤醒线程b
                        latch.countDown();
                        conditionB.signal();
                        // 线程A阻塞
                        conditionA.await();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                conditionB.signal();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();

            }

        });

        Thread threadB = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                latch.await();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            lock.lock();
            try {
                for (char c : characterB.toCharArray()) {
                    try {

                        System.out.print(c);
                        // 唤醒线程a
                        conditionA.signal();
                        // 线程b阻塞
                        conditionB.await();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }

        });


        threadB.start();
        threadA.start();
    }
}

上述代码结果如下：

1.4 采用transferQueue实现

为什么可以用transferQueue实现呢？

原因

其的take 和 transfer命令都是同步阻塞的。

package cn.itcast.n6.c1;


import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedTransferQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TransferQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * @author : msf
 * @date : 2022/12/2
 * 交替输出
 */
public class AlteratePrint4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String numberA = "123456";
        String characterB = "abcdef";
        TransferQueue<Character> queue = new LinkedTransferQueue<>();

        Thread threadA = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                for (char c : numberA.toCharArray()) {
                    queue.transfer(c);
                    System.out.print(queue.take());
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });

        Thread threadB = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                for (char c : characterB.toCharArray()) {
                    System.out.print(queue.take());
                    queue.transfer(c);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        threadB.start();
        threadA.start();
    }
}